Athribis The Ancient Egyptian Cities

Names: Athribis or Athlibis 

Athribis or Athlibis was the Greek name for two cities of ancient Egypt.

• In Lower Egypt

The chief town of the Athribite, the Tenth nome. 

• Athribis (Upper Egypt)

The ancient city of Hut-Repyt in Upper Egypt, also 

Athribis (Lower Egypt)

Overview

A small hill, Tell Atrib, northeast of the modern town of Banha, north of Cairo, now marks its former site. Athribis stood upon the eastern bank of the Tanitic branch of the Nile, now silted up, near the angle where that branch diverges from the main stream. 

Athribis (Upper Egypt)

also known to the ancient Greeks as Triphieion or Tripheion, and to the ancient Egyptians as Hut-Repyt, was an ancient city of Egypt, in the Panopolite nome. The modern village of Wannina in the Sohag Governorate is situated here. It is located some 10 km southwest of the city of Akhmim, on the west bank of the Nile.

Overview The city is the site of a temple built for the goddess Repyt (Triphis) by Ptolemy XV Caesarion and subsequent Roman Emperors. South of this temple was an earlier temple of Ptolemy IX Soter II. One of the tombs nearby, belonging to the brothers Ibpemeny "the younger" and Pemehyt of the late 2nd century BC, has two zodiacs on its ceiling.

The Athribite name:
The Athribite name and its capital derived their name from the goddess Thriphis, whom inscriptions both at Athribis and Panopolis denominate the most great goddess. 

Thriphis is associated in worship with Amun Khem, one of the first quaternion of deities in Egyptian mythology, but no representation of her has been at present identified. John Gardner Wilkinson supposes Athribis to have been one of the lion-headed goddesses, whose special names have not been ascertained.

About half a mile from Athribis are the quarries from which the stone used in building the temple was brought; and below the quarries are some small grotto tombs, the lintels of whose doors are partially preserved. 

Upon one of these lintels is a Greek inscription, ideentifying it as the sepulchre of Hermeius, son of Archibius. He had not, however, been interred after the Egyptian fashion, since his tomb contained the deposit of calcined bones. 

Vestiges also are found in two broad paved causeways of the two main streets of Athribis, which crossed each other at right angles, and probably divided the town into four main quarters. The causeways and the ruins generally indicate that the town was greatly enlarged and beautified under the Ptolemies.

Thanks

Manal Raafat

MR

Welcome ... Back again

Sorry for being late.

I will be back soon, wait for my posts every Saturday.

What do you prefer to read about?
Pharaohs,
Science,
General knowledge,
History,
Photoshop & Illustrator.

Please select your choice and write it in a comment, so I can do it.

Thanks
Manal Raafat( MR )  


  

What is the Sand Sea?... Egyptian Sand Sea

The sand see is a continuous sand covered area on earth.

It is a huge mass of sand that originated in the wind excavated depressions.

The Great Sand Sea
The Great Sand Sea is the second largest continuous sand covered area on earth (after the Grand Erg Oriental, in Algeria). It is a huge mass of sand that originated in the chain of wind excavated depressions paralleling the Mediterranean coast from Jalo (Libya) to the Qattara depression (Egypt). It is called the Great Sand Sea in Egypt, but the Calanascio Sand Sea to the west in Libya is a continuous part of it, as is the Rebiana Sand Sea, which is the southern extension of the Calanascio Sand Sea lying to the West of Kufra. The western edge of the Rebiana Sand Sea may be considered the edge of the Lybyan Desert.

The Great Sand Sea

It covers 72,000 square kilometers and forming the northern edge of the Sahara, the Great Sand Sea is the world’s third largest dune field. Siwa( Egypt ) is the northern gateway and the perfect starting point for a safari expedition into a truly magical landmark. 

The Great Sand Sea is one of the largest dune fields in the whole world and contains some of the largest recorded sand dunes, one of which is 140 km long!

Egyptian Sand Sea

It is the widest part of The Great Sand Sea.

 The Egyptian Sand Sea is located in Africa's Libyan Desert. The three sand seas contain dunes up to 110m in height and cover ~25% of the Libyan Desert. The dunes were created by the wind.

 Siwa( Egypt ) is the northern gateway and the perfect starting point for a safari expedition into a truly magical landmark. 
The Great Sand Sea is one of the largest dune fields in the whole world and contains some of the largest recorded sand dunes, one of which is 140 km long!

Calanshio Sand Sea
The Calanshio Sand Sea is located in the Saharan Libyan Desert, of the Kufra District in Cyrenaica, eastern Libya.


Rebiana Sand Sea
The Rebiana Sand Sea is located in the western part of the Saharan Libyan Desert in the Kufra District of the Cyrenaica region in eastern Libya.Some related topics, The Sahara

The Sahara is the world's second largest desert, after Antarctica. At over 9,400,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi), it covers most of Northern Africa, making it almost as large as Europe or the United States. The Sahara stretches from the Red Sea, including parts of the Mediterranean coasts, to the outskirts of the Atlantic Ocean. To the south, it is delimited by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna that composes the northern region of central and western Sub-Saharan Africa.

Some of the sand dunes can reach 180 metres (590 ft) in height. The name comes from the Arabic word for desert.

Thanks
Manal Raafat

The New Look of the Blog ... Do You Like It?

Do you liked the new look of my blog?

Now you can select the view you like.

It is DYNAMIC now

Sayings that I liked ( 2 )

*** Never allow someone to be your priority while you're just their option

*** Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names.

*** You've got to take the good with the bad, smile with the sad, love what you've got, and remember what you had. Always forgive, but never forget. Learn from mistakes, but never regret.

*** To realize the value of ONE YEAR, ask a student who failed a grade.

*** To realize the value of ONE MONTH, ask a mother who has given birth to a premature baby.

*** To realize the value of ONE WEEK, ask the editor of a weekly newspaper.

To realize the value of ONE HOUR, ask the lovers who are waiting to meet.

*** To realize the value of ONE MINUTE, ask a person who just missed a train.

*** To realize the value of ONE SECOND, ask someone who just avoided an accident.

*** To realize the value of ONE MILLISECOND, ask the person who won a silver medal at the Olympics.


ThanksManal Raafat

Hints for Life

" Hints for Life"

1. It hurts to love someone and not be loved in return.

But what is more painful is to love someone and never

find the courage to let that person know how you feel.

2. A sad thing in life is when you meet someone who

means a lot to you, only to find out in the end that it was

never meant to be and you just have to let go.

3. The best kind of friend is the kind you can sit on a

porch swing with, never say a word, and then walk away

feeling like it was the best conversation you've ever had.

4. It's true that we don't know what we've got until we lose

it, but it's also true that we don't know what we've been

missing until it arrives.

5. It takes only a minute to get a crush on someone, an

hour to like someone, and a day to love someone-but it

takes a lifetime to forget someone.

6. Don't go for looks, they can deceive. Don't go for wealth,

even that fades away. Go for someone who makes you

smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day

seem bright.

7. Dream what you want to dream, go where you want to go,

be what you want to be. Because you have only one life and

one chance to do all the things you want to do.

8. Always put yourself in the other's shoes. If you feel that it

hurts you, it probably hurts the person too.

9. A careless word may kindle strife. A cruel word may wreck

a life. A timely word may level stress. But a loving word may

heal and bless.

10. The happiest of people don't necessarily have the best

of everything they just make the most of everything that comes

along their way.

11. Love begins with a smile, grows with a kiss, ends with

a tear. 

12. When you were born, you were crying and everyone

around you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die,

you're the one smiling and everyone around you is crying.

I liked that saying so I copied it for you.

Thanks

Manal Raafat

Boredom And How to Overcome It ?

Sometimes I am getting that bad feeling of being bored, and I do not know what to do for getting rid of it.

What is  Boredom?

Boredom is an emotional state experienced when an individual is not interested in their surroundings or available activities.
The French term for boredom, ennui, is sometimes used in English as well.

Simply ,Boredom is the state of being bored.

Are you bored with your work, your relationship, or your life in general? 

Boredom is a complex process. There are lots of reasons that one might be bored. The most common one is that you have no idea what to do. Other reasons might be that you feel lazy, tired or just don't want to do the things that are available for you to do. Maybe you have ideas of things but you feel you can't do the things you want to do. Boredom becomes a great concern when it results in procrastination, indecision and feeling listless and jaded. Here are some ideas on how to overcome boredom.

Steps to overcome Boredom 

1 - Try to figure out why you are bored:

• Are you doing something that you have done many times before? Try adding something new or doing it a different way. If that just doesn't cut it, stop doing the same thing over and over again. 
• Are you feeling lazy, tired, or unmotivated? A nap can rejuvenate you and it can be surprising how much more motivated you can feel after a quick snooze. Alternatively, breathing in the fresh air outside for just ten minutes can freshen up your mindset, and the space and (maybe) sunshine can do wonders for your mood.
• Are you bored because you feel you can't do the things you want to do? This can be a very irritating situation to be in. Try to think of alternative ways to do what you want to do, working with what you have available. Don't be a perfectionist, you'll always end up frustrated and therefore bored if you don't attain your impossible goals. Reward yourself somehow when you accomplish something/anything that gives you the thrill of enjoying life. Another thing to do is do an hour of work, then twenty minutes of relaxing. This way you spend most time on the job, but shouldn't get too bored. You can always scale this timing down (the ratio is 3:1).
• Are you bored because you can't think of anything to do? Do something physically or socially active. Doing some exercise can get you into a better frame of mind, as well as the added bonus of keeping you in shape. Social activity (e.g. talking to someone) fulfils one of our basic human needs. Face-to-face contact is, if possible, much better than talking over the phone or Facebook. 

2 - Try to do something totally new and learn from it. 

New situations and actions will activate your brain, allowing it to exercise its learning powers.3 - Try to be active with an interesting group of people. 

These can be your regular friends, or perhaps you could join a new group of people interested in similar things to you. There are many clubs in local communities, or online. Join one, and participate in it regularly.

4 - Break out of your routine. 

While it is important to have structure in your life, occasionally doing something radically different, or at an unusual time, can be invigorating. 

5 - Change your thoughts. 

Your thoughts affect your behavior and mood. By changing your mind about the meaning of your emotion and experiences, you will generate a different attitude. Get inspired with powerful long-range goals. Powerful goals keep you inspired. You can't feel bored at the same time when you are motivated to build a life. Think about one thing you love every day, and when your down have a self pep talk prepared, about why YOU are amazing.

6 - Fire up your imagination. 

Create mental images to stimulate your thoughts. Visualize where you want to be and what you want to become. Use your imagination to experience a situation that you want to happen in your life. The wonderful thing about imagination is that you can create anything you wish to experience. Looking out of a window, taking a walk in a park, or going to a museum are all easy ways to get inspired.

7 - Be active! 

Go for a walk or do something physically outrageous. Write down 10 things you can do and 10 you can't yet. Work through them whenever you're bored. You could also try that sport you've always wanted to do, but never have.

My grandson 

8 - Create curiosity. 

Create your curiosity on what's happening around and inside you. You find life boring because of the repetition or a pattern of some habits or activities. 

Try to look at and do them differently and get yourself fascinated with other options and possibilities. 

Watch the news more often, read more books too. It's truly eye opening! 

9 - Find, read, hear, watch or do something exciting, stimulating and entertaining. 

You will probably be more fulfilled if you learn something: mindless media can be absorbing but ultimately not at all stimulating.

10 - Find a new hobby, such as hiking, knitting, drawing, playing an instrument, Board games, Cards, Cycling, cooking or photography. 

If you are particularly good at one skill, you could teach others to do it, and be helping others as well as avoiding boredom.

11 - Avoid boring people and situations. 

Get away from people and situations that bore you. You can't just walk out of a relationship but you can give yourself some space to do things that interest and motivate you.

12- Start a life list and accomplish a new thing every day, or week.
13 - Try some of these ideas:

• Work for money. Ask for jobs to do around the house for money or even start a business like mowing people's lawns or pet sitting. Pretty soon all that money will add up and you can buy something new that will keep you entertained.
• Practice sports by yourself or with friends. You won't be bored anymore and you'll be able to show off your skills next game and feel proud of what you accomplished.
• Walk to the mall and pay attention to the people there; what could they be thinking about? Who could they be talking to? What kind of people are they?
• Bake something. Then you get to eat it afterwards!
• Catch up on any homework or that you might still have to do. While this can seem like the last thing you want to do, it could be just the thing to get your brain whirring.
• Think of places you would like to visit, and why. Then, if possible, visit them and see if they live up to your expectations!

14 - Try to do something on your computer if you have one, or watch some TV. 

It takes your boredom away and you will be thinking about different things other than being bored.
15 - Learn a foreign language with a group of fellow students. 

The phases you'll go through, the group study,learning and interacting, your work on your own, your readings, the media and the multitude of aspects of this lifelong hobby will spur you to go on enjoying every facet of it.


TIPS

• Remember, boredom is only a mindset, keep your mind occupied with something to do. 
• Try one of these activities: Help Others, it is one of the activities which gives you inner peace. 
• Be spiritual, do some spiritual activity (Avoid getting carried away) 
• Fry an egg on the sidewalk. 
• Make a lemonade stand. 
• Watch clouds. 
• Surf your TV to a channel you've never been to before, then wait for commercials to come on and try and guess what they are selling before they tell you. 
• Go to a store and browse, you never know, you might need groceries or new pants or something. But don't get carried away, spending money isn't really a hobby. 
• Many people eat to overcome boredom, but you don't want to get carried away. Try using this as a chance to eat healthy foods, such as fruits or vegetables. 

copied

Thanks

Manal Raafat

Napoleon Bonaparte [Egyptian Expedition ] (2)

Because I am an Egyptian, and I am fond of the history of my country, I like to write in that part of our history.

In France Bonaparte's popularity was now unprecedented and he was voted Consul for life.

He also got France back in to the good books of Rome through the Concordat with the Pope, which eased the restrictions and penalties imposed on the church by the Revolution.

But all was not safe for Bonaparte and there were several attempts on his life, including a bomb set off in Paris as his carriage went by.

Egyptian expedition (1798–1801)

After two months of planning, Bonaparte decided France's naval power was not yet strong enough to confront the Royal Navy in the English Channel and proposed a military expedition to seize Egypt and thereby undermine Britain's access to its trade interests in India. Bonaparte wished to establish a French presence in the Middle East, with the ultimate dream of linking with a Muslim enemy of the British in India, Tipu Sultan 

Napoleon assured the Directory that "as soon as he had conquered Egypt, he will establish relations with the Indian princes and, together with them, attack the English in their possessions." According to a February 1798 report by Talleyrand: "Having occupied and fortified Egypt, we shall send a force of 15,000 men from Suez to India, to join the forces of Tipu-Sahib and drive away the English." The Directory agreed in order to secure a trade route to India.

Battle of the Nile
(also known as the Battle of Aboukir Bay, in French as the Bataille d'Aboukir or in Egyptian Arabic as معركة أبي قير البحرية)

was a major naval battle fought between British and French fleets at Aboukir Bay on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt from 1–3 August 1798. The battle was the climax of a naval campaign that had ranged across the Mediterranean during the previous three months, as a large French convoy sailed from Toulon toAlexandria, carrying an expeditionary force under General Napoleon Bonaparte. The French were defeated by the British forces led by Rear-Admiral Sir Horatio Nelson.

The battle reversed the strategic situation in the Mediterranean, and allowed the Royal Navy to assume a dominant position which it would retain for the rest of the war. It also encouraged other European countries to turn against France, and was a factor in the outbreak of the War of the Second Coalition. Bonaparte's army was trapped in Egypt, and Royal Navy dominance off the Syrian coast contributed significantly to its defeat at the Siege of Acre in 1799, which preceded Bonaparte's return to Europe. Nelson, who had been wounded in the battle, was proclaimed a hero across Europe and was subsequently made Baron Nelson. His captains were also highly praised, and would go on to form the nucleus of the legendary Nelsonic Band of Brothers. The battle has remained prominent in the popular consciousness, with perhaps the best-known representation being Felicia Hemans's 1826 poem Casabianca. 

His army had succeeded in a temporary increase of French power in Egypt, though it faced repeated uprisings. In early 1799, he moved an army into the Ottoman province of Damascus (Syria andGalilee). Bonaparte led these 13,000 French soldiers in the conquest of the coastal towns of Arish, Gaza,Jaffa, and Haifa. The attack on Jaffa was particularly brutal: Bonaparte, on discovering many of the defenders were former prisoners of war, ostensibly on parole, ordered the garrison and 1,400 prisoners to be executed by bayonet or drowning to save bullets. Men, women and children were robbed and murdered for three days.

With his army weakened by disease—mostly bubonic plague—and poor supplies, Bonaparte was unable toreduce the fortress of Acre and returned to Egypt in May. To speed up the retreat, he ordered plague-stricken men to be poisoned. (However, British eyewitness accounts later showed that most of the men were still alive and had not been poisoned.) His supporters have argued this was necessary given the continued harassment of stragglers by Ottoman forces, and indeed those left behind alive were tortured and beheaded by the Ottomans. Back in Egypt, on 25 July, Bonaparte defeated an Ottoman amphibious invasion at Abukir.

Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte

 Still, in 1804, the general felt confident and secure enough to declare himself Emperor and the next day created the Marshalate for his most trusted and talented soldiers.

Napoleon on his death bed 

Napoleon's Tomb
Within Les Invalides is the final resting place of Napoleon Bonaparte.

The former emperor's body was returned to France from St Helena in 1840 and, after a state funeral, was laid to rest in St Jerome's Chapel while his tomb was completed in 1861.

There was no expense spared for the tomb and Napoleon Bonaparte's body lies within six separate coffins. They are made of iron, mahogany, two of lead, ebony, and the outer one is red porphyry.

The tomb sits on a green-granite pedestal surrounded by 12 pillars of victory.

Napoleon's tomb at Les Invalides 

His Death His personal physician, Barry O'Meara, warned the authorities of his declining state of health mainly caused, according to him, by the harsh treatment of the captive in the hands of his "gaoler", Lowe, which led Napoleon to confine himself for months in his damp and wretched habitation of Longwood. O'Meara kept a clandestine correspondence with a clerk at the Admiralty in London, knowing his letters were read by higher authorities: he hoped, in such way, to raise alarm in the government, but to no avail.

In February 1821, Napoleon's health began to fail rapidly, and on 3 May two British physicians, who had recently arrived, attended on him but could only recommend palliatives. He died two days later, after confession, Extreme Unction and Viaticum in the presence of Father Ange Vignali. His last words were, "France, armée, tête d'armée, Joséphine."("France, army, head of the army, Joséphine.")

Napoleon's original death mask was created around 6 May, though it is not clear which doctor created it. In his will, he had asked to be buried on the banks of the Seine, but the British governor said he should be buried on St. Helena, in the Valley of the Willows. Hudson Lowe insisted the inscription should read "Napoleon Bonaparte"; Montholon and Bertrand wanted the Imperial title "Napoleon" as royalty were signed by their first names only. As a result the tomb was left nameless.

Napoleon's tomb at Les Invalides

In 1840, Louis Philippe I obtained permission from the British to return Napoleon's remains to France. The remains were transported aboard the frigate Belle-Poule, which had been painted black for the occasion, and on 29 November she arrived in Cherbourg. The remains were transferred to the steamship Normandie, which transported them to Le Havre, up the Seine to Rouen and on to Paris.

On 15 December, a state funeral was held. The hearse proceeded from the Arc de Triomphe down the Champs-Élysées, across the Place de la Concorde to the Esplanade des Invalides and then to the cupola in St Jérôme's Chapel, where it stayed until the tomb designed by Louis Visconti was completed. In 1861, Napoleon's remains were entombed in a porphyry sarcophagus in the crypt under the dome at Les Invalides.
Cause of death

Napoleon's physician, François Carlo Antommarchi, led the autopsy, which found the cause of death to be stomach cancer. Antommarchi did not, however, sign the official report. Napoleon's father had died of stomach cancer though this was seemingly unknown at the time of the autopsy. Antommarchi found evidence of a stomach ulcer, and it was the most convenient explanation for the British who wanted to avoid criticism over their care of the emperor.

Thanks

Manal Raafat

Read more about Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte [1]

HAPPY NEW YEAR 2013 WISHES

I had chosen some wishes for you, I hope you will like it. 

*** Wishing you a fabulous 2013

       with full of great achievements and experiences.
       A meaningful chapter waiting
       to be written HAPPY NEW YEAR!

*** New is the year, new are the hopes and the aspirations,       New is the resolution, new are the spirits and
       Forever my warm wishes are for u.
       Have a promising and fulfilling new year.

*** For last year's words belong to last year's language
       And next year's words await another voice.
       And to make an end is to make a beginning.
       Happy New Year 2013

 *** Like birds, let us,
       leave behind what we don't need to carry,
       GRUDGES SADNESS PAIN FEAR and REGRETS.
       Life is beautiful, Enjoy it.
       HAPPY NEW YEAR 2013

*** Keep the smile,
       leave the tear,
       Think of joy,
       forget the fear,
       Hold the laugh,
       leave the pain,
       Be joyous ,
       Cause its new year!
       HAPPY NEW YEAR

*** New Year begins, let us pray,
       that it will be a year with new Peace,
       New Happiness, and abundance of new friends,
       God bless you through out the new Year.

*** Time has no divisions to mark its passage,
       there is never a thunder-storm or blare of trumpets
       to announce the beginning of a new month or year.

*** Memorable moment r celebrated together,
       You are my best friend for now & forever,
       Make me Miss You even more this New Year,
      Hope this 2013 bring Happiness for you Dear.

HAPPY NEW YEAR 

Manal Raafat

For you

HAPPY NEW YEAR 2013

HAPPY NEW YEAR, ALL MY DEAR READERS.

Oh my Dear, Forget ur Fear,Let all your Dreams be Clear,
Never put Tear, Please Hear,
I want to tell one thing in your Ear
Wishing you a very "Happy NEW YEAR"!

I wish  you:
12 Months happiness, 52 weeks fun,
365 Days laughter, 8760 hrs good luck,
525600 Minutes joy, 31536000 seconds success,
So wishing you a"Happy NEW YEAR"!

"Happy NEW YEAR"

MANAL RAAFAT