AVIF, WebP, and JPEG: A Comprehensive Guide

It is so important to know the differences between the most used image format in the sites to be light enough to load fast.

AVIF and WebP are modern image formats that offer several advantages and disadvantages compared to the older JPEG format. 

Here's a comparison of the three formats:

Advantages of AVIF:

1. Higher compression efficiency: AVIF generally provides better compression efficiency than JPEG, resulting in smaller file sizes while maintaining high image quality. This can lead to faster loading times and reduced bandwidth usage.
2. Support for high dynamic range (HDR): AVIF supports HDR images, allowing for a wider range of colors and better representation of contrast and lighting conditions.
3. Lossless and lossy compression: AVIF supports both lossless and lossy compression, providing flexibility based on the specific requirements of the image.
4. Wide browser support: AVIF is gaining support among major web browsers, making it increasingly compatible with a wide range of devices and platforms.

Disadvantages of AVIF:

1. Limited support in older browsers: AVIF is a relatively new format, so older web browsers and software may not fully support it. This can lead to compatibility issues for some users.
2. Encoding and decoding complexity: AVIF encoding and decoding processes can be computationally intensive, requiring more processing power and time compared to JPEG.
3. Longer encoding times: Due to its complexity, encoding AVIF images can take longer compared to other formats, which may be a consideration for time-sensitive applications.

Advantages and disadvantages of AVIF and WebP image format against jpeg format

Advantages of WebP:

1. Good compression efficiency: WebP generally offers better compression compared to JPEG, resulting in smaller file sizes without significant loss of image quality. This can lead to faster page loading times and reduced bandwidth usage.
2. Support for transparency: WebP supports both lossy and lossless compression with transparency, making it suitable for images with transparent backgrounds, such as logos or graphics.
3. Wide browser support: WebP has gained significant support among major web browsers, making it widely compatible with various devices and platforms.
4. Animation support: WebP supports animated images, allowing for the creation of lightweight animations with relatively small file sizes.

Disadvantages of WebP:

1. Limited support in some software: While web browser support for WebP is widespread, some image editing software or older applications may not fully support the format.
2. Lossy compression artifacts: Like any lossy format, aggressive compression in WebP can introduce compression artifacts that may affect image quality, particularly in complex or high-detail images.

JPEG remains a widely supported and compatible format, but AVIF and WebP offer advantages in terms of higher compression efficiency and additional features. When choosing between these formats, it's important to consider factors such as target audience, browser support requirements, and the specific characteristics of the images being used.

Thanks,

By Manal Raafat

Ahmose I [ Born of Iah ] *** The Pharaoh

Ahmose I was one of the most important Pharaohs in the history of Pharaonic Egypt so the article is little bit long, sorry for that.
   
The Name Ahmose I: 
sometimes written Amosis I, "Amenes" and "Aahmes" and meaning Born of Iah.

The meaning of the name:  The name Ahmose is a combination of the theophoric syllable 'Ah' and the combining form '-moses'. The theophoric syllable 'Ah' refers to the deity Iah.

Note: Iah is a god of the moon in ancient Egyptian religion. His name simply means moon.

His family:Ahmose I, was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the founder of the Eighteenth dynasty. He was a member of the Theban royal house, the son of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and brother of the last pharaoh of the Seventeenth dynasty, King Kamose. 

AhmoseI-Statue Head Metropolitan Museum

His life:
During the reign of his father or grandfather, Thebes rebelled against the Hyksos, the rulers of Lower Egypt. When he was seven his father was killed, and he was about ten when his brother died of unknown causes, after reigning only three years. Ahmose I assumed the throne after the death of his brother, and upon coronation became known as Neb-Pehty-Re (The Lord of Strength is Re).

During his reign, he completed the conquest and expulsion of the Hyksos from the delta region, restored Theban rule over the whole of Egypt and successfully reasserted Egyptian power in its formerly subject territories of Nubia and Canaan. He then reorganized the administration of the country, reopened quarries, mines and trade routes and began massive construction projects of a type that had not been undertaken since the time of the Middle Kingdom. This building program culminated in the construction of the last pyramid built by native Egyptian rulers. 

Ahmose's reign laid the foundations for the New Kingdom, under which Egyptian power reached its peak. His reign is usually dated to the mid-16th century BC.

Dates and length of reign
Ahmose's reign can be fairly accurately dated using the Heliacal rise of Sirius in his successor's reign, but because of disputes over from where the observation was made, he has been assigned a reign from 1570–1546, 1560–1537 and 1551–1527 by various sources. Manetho gives Ahmose a reign of 25 years and 4 months; this figure is supported by a 'Year 22' inscription from his reign at the stone quarries of Tura. A medical examination of his mummy indicates that he died when he was about thirty-five, supporting a 25-year reign if he came to the throne at the age of 10. The radiocarbon date range for the start of his reign is 1570–1544 BC, the mean point of which is 1557 BC.

Art and monumental constructions

• With the re-unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Ahmose, a renewal of royal support for the arts and monumental construction occurred. Ahmose reportedly devoted a tenth of all the productive output towards the service of the traditional gods, reviving massive monumental constructions as well as the arts. However, as the defeat of the Hyksos occurred relatively late in Ahmose's reign, his subsequent building program likely lasted no more than seven years, and much of what was started was probably finished by his son and successor Amenhotep I.
• Work from Ahmose's reign is made of much finer material than anything from the Second Intermediate Period, though the craftsmanship from his reign does not always match the best work from either the Old or Middle Kingdoms.
• The art of glass making is thought to have developed during Ahmose's reign.One of the earliest glass beads found contains the names of both Ahmose and Amenhotep I, written in a style dated to about the time of their reigns.
• Ahmose resumed large construction projects like those before the second intermediate period.[The Second Intermediate Period marks a period when Ancient Egypt fell into disarray for a second time, between the end of the Middle Kingdom and the start of the New Kingdom. It is best known as the period when the Hyksos made their appearance in Egypt and whose reign comprised the Fifteenth dynasties.]
• Excavations at the site of Avaris by Manfred Bietak have shown that Ahmose had a palace constructed on the site of the former Hyksos capital city's fortifications. Bietak found fragmentary Minoan-style remains of the frescoes that once covered the walls of the palace; there has subsequently been much speculation as to what role this Aegean civilization may have played in terms of trade and in the arts.
• Perhaps the most important shift was a religious one: Thebes effectively became the religious as well as the political center of the country, its local god Amun credited with inspiring Ahmose in his victories over the Hyksos. The importance of the temple complex at Karnak (on the east bank of the Nile north of Thebes) grew and the importance of the previous cult of Ra based in Heliopolis diminished.
• Several stelae detailing the work done by Ahmose were found at Karnak, two of which depict him as a benefactor to the temple. In one of these stelae, known as the "Tempest Stele", he claims to have rebuilt the pyramids of his predecessors at Thebes that had been destroyed by a major storm The Thera eruption in the Aegean has been implicated by some scholars as the source of this damage, but similar claims are common in the propagandistic writings of other pharaohs, showing them overcoming the powers of darkness.

Pyramid of Ahmose I

The Pyramid of Ahmose I was built not as a tomb, but a cenotaph for pharaoh Ahmose I at the necropolis of Abydos, Egypt. It was the only royal pyramid built in this area. Today only a pile of rubble remains, reaching a height of about 10 m.

The pyramid was constructed from sand and rubble and only the usual limestone casing kept the building in shape. It had a base length of 52 m and was about 40 m high. The inclination of the sides was 60°.

It did not feature any chambers for burial. Around the pyramid were a number of temples and also a small cenotaph pyramid for his grandmother Tetisheri.

This pyramid was the last pyramid ever built as part of a mortuary complex in Egypt.

Ahmose I 's Mummy
Ahmose I's mummy was discovered in 1881 within the Deir el-Bahri Cache, located in the hills directly above the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut. 
He was  interred along with the mummies of other 18th and 19th dynasty leaders Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Thutmose III, Ramesses I, Seti I, Ramesses II and Ramesses IX, as well as the 21st dynasty pharaohs Pinedjem I, Pinedjem II and Siamun.

The mummified head of Ahmose I

Ahmose I's mummy was found within a coffin that bore his name in hieroglyphs, and on his bandages his name was again written in hieratic script. 
While the cedarwood coffin's style dates it squarely to the time of the 18th dynasty, it was neither of royal style nor craftsmanship, and any gilding or inlays may have been stripped in antiquity. 

He had evidently been moved from his original burial place, re-wrapped and placed within the cache at Deir el-Bahri during the reign of the 21st dynasty priest-king Pinedjum II, whose name also appeared on the mummy's wrappings. 

Around his neck a garland of delphinium flowers had been placed. The body bore signs of having been plundered by ancient grave-robbers, his head having been broken off from his body and his nose smashed.

The body was 1.63 m in height. The mummy had a small face with no defining features, though he had slightly prominent front teeth; this may have been an inherited family trait, as this feature can be seen in some female mummies of the same family, as well as the mummy of his descendant, Thutmose II.

Thanks 

Manal Raafat

Japanese art of drawing and creating shapes from cream of coffee

 I am fond of coffee.

I liked sooooo much that kind of art, the new Japanese art.

New Japanese art of drawing and creating shapes from cream of coffee will fascinate you.


"This new Japanese art of drawing and creating shapes from cream of coffee will leave you breathless", writes Business Insider.

U.S. site presents stunning images with the best works in the coffee mugs on 26-year-old Kazuki Yamamoto of Osaka. His figures and drawings of cream creamy of hot caffeinated drinks make a sensation on the Internet.

 Drawing and creating shapes from cream of coffee

Yamamoto started to deal with this kind of art when he was 20 years old while working in a coffee shop in Tokyo. Initially experimented by making to the milk leaves using the machine under stream. Once, a friend challenged him to make a cartoon. After initial success Yamamoto realizes that he has a talent and started trying to do different projects.

Yamamoto tells Internet users that any of his works was developed before the coffee gets cold. Here are some pictures of his best works.

Info Source With Compliments:http://bit.ly/KazukiYamamoto.

Thanks
Manal Raafat

The Arab Association of Civilization and Islamic Arts' Goals & Activities of the Society.

Definition of Arabian Civilization & defending it through the following:

The Arab Association of Civilization and Islamic Arts

1. Determining the concept of Arabian Civilization, its features, the Islamic Arts and stating the civil and enlightenment roles of Arabian Civilization and its effect on the Western Civilization through the bestowal in the different fields.

2. Demonstrating  the civil values of the architectural buildings and their arts in everywhere in the world (through studying Architecture and Islamic Arts and confirming its enlightened creation).

3. Highlighting the civil role of Moslem Scientists in all civil fields: scientific, intellectual and artistic fields, by defining their participations to enrich the humanistic role in the contemporary global scientific awakening.

4. Organize symposiums, establishing fairs and conferences confirming the conversation among civilizations and to confirm the enlightenment role of the Islamic Civilization, its science and arts, and establishing International Conference for the Society every two years at least concerning on the relevant subjects with the Society's goals.

5. To interest with the readable, audible and visual mass media activity, and to publish and writing books, magazines and newspapers, and radio and television programs that confirming the uphold of the values of the Islamic cultures and civilization and the continuation among generations.

6. Authenticate the relations to connect with the Arab and Islamic countries' scientists and artists, exchanging the cognition experiences among Arab countries that interesting with the Arab and Islamic Civilization in all of its civil aspects in cooperation with the Ministries of Culture and Arab League (the Cultural Department).

7. Conserve our Arabian and Islamic patrimony, maintaining it against damage, tampering or the try forge the fixed self-facts of it. This can be made through an active participation by defining the patrimony and the awareness of its importance and maintaining the civil patrimony of the nation in the cooperation with the concerned organizations, regionally and internationally inside and outside the country.   

8. The awareness of the importance of the patrimonial industries and crafts by focus on them, and how to conserving them as a source of the cognitive prosperity, national income and to employ the youth in patrimonial crafts on scientific, artistic and technical principals by habilitating them scientifically and practically.

 9. To invite to conserve Arabic Language, rising and spreading and learning it through an international level, and also the Arabic Handwriting and its importance by establishing educational workshops and artistic fairs offering artistic and handwriting works inspired from the Arabian Civilization Spirit, to be participated by the concerned persons in the world.

10. To recognize the concerned persons of the Arabian Civilization and Islamic Art in the world, then to support the contact among them and to talk with them permanently, and also the civilization departments in universities and the concerned cultural institutions of civilizations and arts to make countries progressing in a way fits with the present technological and scientific time of the world and to be participated in common events.

11. Trying to establish specialized committees in all civilization's branches to at least participate in the contacting with the public and to spread the awareness of the importance of each committee, such as (Arabic language, Handwriting, Islamic Architecture, Islamic design, decoration and its arts, legislation, physical sciences …etc).

12. Making agreements and cooperation among the Society, the concerned organizations and authorities with the Islamic Civilization's field through (Arab League, ISISCO, UNISCO, the specialized faculties, ACROME Organization for Museums and Specialized Research Institutes, IRISCA – the International Organization for Science, Arts, Literature and History that following Islamic World Organization & Ministries of Culture) and establishing common events and activities with such bodies.

13. Creating contact points to talk with the concerned different creeds, cultures and religions to realize peace and welfare, then to refer to the positive role of the others' culture through the scientific talks that aiming to define Islam's lenience and to live with the others.

14. Organizing cultural missions for the Society's members in the cultural houses through the Republic to aware the youth with the importance of the civil role of Islamic Arts and Civilization.

15. Supporting the relation between the Society, Arab Leagues federations, the International Federation of Islamic World and Islamic World Association to be participated in common events with such institutions, and to try to create a curriculum for the students in the different stages to define the Islamic Civilization, its arts and role in making the contemporary civilization.  

16. Encourage researchers and authors to write and prepare the Master and PhD thesis in Arabian Civilization and Islamic Arts, and in different writings in such field.

17. Issue firm scientific magazine for Society to encourage researches writing and preparation in this civil field.

 The Society is honored to receive the opinions and notes of all the concerned persons of the Arabian Civilization and Islamic Arts in all of their scientific and artistic aspects.

As we'd like to submit any useful suggestion for the Society to perform its task.

Society General Secretary Fathy El Mula

Chairman Prof. Dr. Mohamed Aly Zenhom Prof. in Faculty of Applied Arts Helwan University

The song of The Harper...one of the Pharaohs'songs.

It was one of the most famous songs sung with "the harp", it was recorded on "Haris papyrus", probably it returns to the king "Aneotef" period, he was from the eleventh family.

"Here are the generations of humans

Generation after generation

The rule of existence since the beginning of humanity

Since there was god in life

Those lying in their pyramids

The nobles and knights

They went to the yard with others

All what they built of castles

Have gone.. as if not existing

whoever came before them, can tell us about them

So that our hearts should be knowing the truth

Till we go to where they have gone

strengthen your heart

Enjoy what you love while alive

Wearing the beast a god can wear

Take you luck from your happiness

Do not make loosing hope know your way

Take the chance from the happiness world is pushing to you

No one from those who left, came back..

Copied

Manal Raafat

The Dream Stele of Thutmose IV, or the Sphinx Stele

*** First of all, The Stele is a stone or wooden slab, erected as a monument, very often for funerary or commemorative purposes.
This ornamentation may be inscribed, carved, found in different parts of the world, notably Egypt and China.
In ancient Egypt, these vertical slabs of stone depict tombstones, religious uses, and boundaries.

The Sphinx Stele, was erected in the first year of Thutmose IV'reign, 1401 BC.. 
As was common with other New Kingdom Pharaohs, it makes claim to a divine legitimization to pharaoh-ship.

In ancient Egypt, when pharaohs wanted to record something for eternity and have it be known not only to mortals, but more importantly, to the gods, they wrote in stone. The hieroglyphs carved into the Dream Stella of Thutmosis IV, an enormous upright slab at the base of the Sphinx, tell a portentous story of a young king's bargain with the sun god.

Dream Stele, reproduction.

Diagram 

The dream
"Now the statue of the very great Khepri [the Great Sphinx ] rested in this place, great of fame, sacred of respect, the shade of Ra resting on him. Memphis and every city on its two sides came to him, their arms in adoration to his face, bearing great offerings for his Ka. One of these days it happened that prince Thutmose came travelling at the time of midday. He rested in the shadow of this great god. Sleep and dream took possession of him, at the moment the sun was at zenith. Then he found the majesty of this noble god speaking from his own mouth like a father speaks to his son, and saying: "Look at me, observe me, my son Thutmose. I am your father Horemakhet-Khepri-Ra-Atum. I shall give to you the kingship [upon the land before the living]....[Behold, my condition is like one in illness], all [my limbs being ruined]. The sand of the desert, upon which I used to be, (now) confronts me; and it is in order to cause that you do what is in my heart that I have waited.

Stele description
The Dream Stele is a vertical rectangular stele, 144 cm Ht, 40 cm W, 70 cm D. The upper scene lunette ( The lunette spatial region in the upper portion of stelas, became common for steles as a prelude to a stele's topic ), shows Thutmose IV on the right and left making offerings to the Great Sphinx.

Reproduction of the Dream Stele of Thutmose IV - Close-up of detail depicting pharaoh making offering to Sphinx. RC 1834 (Original 1500 - 1390 BC, made of granite, located on the Giza Plateau).

Medical Analysis of the Stele
Recently a surgeon at Imperial College London (Dr Hutan Ashrafian) has analysed the early death of Thutmose IV and the premature deaths of other Eighteenth dynasty Pharaohs (including Tutankhamun and Akhenaten). He identifies that their early deaths was likely as a result of a Familial Temporal Epilepsy. This would account for the untimely mortality in Thutmose IV and can also explain his religious vision described on his Dream Stele due to this type of epilepsy’s association with intense spiritual visions and religiosity.


Note
*** Thutmosis IV was the eighth king of the 18th dynasty, which is during Egypt's New Kingdom, a period when Egypt was really at its height. This area, at that time, was like a recreation area for the pharaohs. They would come here to hunt, ride their chariots, do target practice.
I  had collected the information from several documents and the Wikipedia.

Thanks

Manal Raafat

MR

You can find arabic translation here.

What do you know about Sisi the New President of Egypt?

The new President of Egypt....

Name:

Saeed Abdel Fattah Hussein Khalil al-Sisi

Date of Birth:

(November 19, 1954)

Information about: 
* The winning candidate for the presidential election in 2014 and is expected to be sworn in on June 7, 2014. 
* Former Commander in Chief of the Egyptian Armed Forces 
*Forty-fourth Defence Minister  since August 12, 2012 until his resignation in March 26, 2014 to run for president.
* He graduated from the Military Academy in 1977 
* Work in the infantry, and was appointed commander of the northern military region, and took over as director of military intelligence and reconnaissance.

On July 3, 2013 revolted the Egyptian people against President Mohamed Morsi that belongs to the Muslim Brotherhood (the first civilian president elected after the January 25 revolution) and continued demonstrations demanding the departure of Morsi for several days until nearing the country  in a civil war.The people have demanded the army to intervene to protect them from militias of the Muslim Brotherhood, that Morsi supported it,and unleashed it in the Egyptian street.

The army supported the people and announced several measures associated defined that the roadmap was endorsed by the majority of the people, and the protesters opposed to the Morsi , and considered it to the demands of popular support. While accusing another part of the Egyptian society and the some Arabs  and international conduct a military coup.

Egyptian Army Insignia-Field Marshal

Military Qualification: 

* Began his military career in 1970 as a student in high school flights.

* He graduated from the Egyptian Military Academy in 1977, a bachelor's degree.

* Received a master's degree from the Command and Staff College in 1987.

* Received a master's degree from the Command and Staff College in 1992, the British in the same speciality.

* Received a fellowship from the Higher War College Nasser Higher Military Academy in 2003.

* Received a Fellowship of the United States Supreme Army War College in 2006.

His career:

* Chief of the branch of Information and Security of the Secretariat of the Ministry of Defence.

* Commander of a mechanized infantry battalion.

* Accessory defence of Saudi Arabia.

* Commander mechanized infantry brigade.

* Commander mechanized infantry division (Division II).

* Chief of Staff of the northern military.

* Military commander of the northern region.

* Director of military intelligence and reconnaissance.

* General Commander of the Armed Forces and Minister of Defence.

* President of the Arab Republic of Egypt.

His personal life:

Married with children.

Medals:

* Long Service Medal and the good example 1998.

* Order of Military Duty of the second layer 2005.

* Order of excellent service in 2007.

* Medal January 25, 2012.

* Order of Military Duty of the initial class of 2012.

Thanks

MR

 Manal Raafat

Coffee and Your Health

~ Healing Benefits of Coffee ~
-------------------------------
Did you know that coffee actually has healing properties?
Read on to find out when coffee can benefit your health.

Studies are now finding that coffee has many healing properties. Here are some of the health benefits you enjoy when you drink coffee.

      *** Coffee can make a headache go away. 
Sometimes a caffeine addiction will produce a headache from a lack of coffee, in which case the headache will go away as soon as you drink some.
But coffee can also make other headaches go away, as caffeine causes the blood vessels to constrict or shrink. While that may not sound like a good thing, in the case of headaches it will actually lessen the pain you are feeling.

       *** Coffee cures constipation. 
Feeling a little blocked up? A cup of coffee can fix that! Coffee is a natural laxative, so that morning cup of coffee can keep you regular as well as help you wake up in the morning.

      *** Coffee helps your body deal with LDL cholesterol. 
If you have high cholesterol, you are at risk for heart disease. However, caffeine can actually help to heal your body by preventing LDL cholesterol from oxidizing. The short term effect is to help minimize the negative effects of LDL cholesterol on the body, but the long term effect is to reduce the coffee drinker’s risk of heart disease.

      *** Coffee is a natural energy drink. 
The caffeine in coffee naturally energizes you. Did you get too little sleep the night before? Coffee will help you wake up and function normally until you can get to bed again. In addition to making a perfect wake up call or a mid-afternoon pick-me-up, it also can help enhance your workout by helping you stay energized and burn more fat.

Coffee

~ Preventative benefits to drinking coffee ~
---------------------------------------------
In addition to the healing properties of coffee, there are numerous preventative benefits to drinking coffee. 
Just like taking vitamins to shore up your immune system around flu season, coffee can be used to heal the body and prevent many diseases.

       *** Coffee prevents diabetes. 
Scientists aren't sure whether it is the antioxidants or the minerals in coffee, but something about it makes developing type 2 diabetes much less likely for coffee drinkers.

      *** Coffee protects the brain. 
Diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, are substantially less likely in regular coffee-drinkers. Something about coffee protects the brain from these debilitating diseases.

      ***Coffee reduces the risk of stroke. 
We’ve already talked about how coffee can heal the body and prevent heart disease. It also has a similar effect on the likelihood of having a stroke, cutting the risk by as much as 20 percent.

As you can see, coffee has many healing properties. Not only can coffee cure many conditions such as headaches, constipation, and fatigue, it also has strong preventative powers. Diseases ranging from Alzheimer’s to stroke can be preventative with a couple of cups of coffee every day.

      ***Coffee reduces the risk of cancer uterus. 

Women who drink a lot of coffee may have less risk of developing cancer of the uterus, (a Japanese study).

Researchers don’t always know what it is in coffee that produces these benefits. 
We know coffee has many antioxidants in it, and we also know that it has a lot of minerals in it. The high caffeine content also seems to be part of the equation, as the benefits are often reduced in people who drink decaffeinated coffee instead.

Whatever it is about coffee, though, there are lots of ways you can benefit from this wonderful drink. 
Shop for coffee makers so that you can drink coffee whenever you feel the urge. Also, getting several coffee machines to keep at the office could reduce long-term health care expenses at the same time as it keeps your employees more alert and productive throughout the day!

Thanks
Manal Raafat

Bust model of Tutankhamen ... Egyptian Museum

Culture: Pharaonic
Technique: Sculpted - Stuccoed
Style: New Kingdom
Materials: Wood
Type: Bust
Created: 18th Dynasty
Acquired: 1934 AD
Location: Egyptian Museum

This bust model of Tutankhamun is a unique artifact carved in wood, smoothed with gesso and painted. Gesso is a preparation of plaster and glue used as a surface for painting.

Although the body has minimal details and is without arms, the face is an accurate portrait of the young king who wears a flat crown with a uraeus, or cobra.

Thanks

Manal Raafat

Athribis The Ancient Egyptian Cities

Names: Athribis or Athlibis 

Athribis or Athlibis was the Greek name for two cities of ancient Egypt.

• In Lower Egypt

The chief town of the Athribite, the Tenth nome. 

• Athribis (Upper Egypt)

The ancient city of Hut-Repyt in Upper Egypt, also 

Athribis (Lower Egypt)

Overview

A small hill, Tell Atrib, northeast of the modern town of Banha, north of Cairo, now marks its former site. Athribis stood upon the eastern bank of the Tanitic branch of the Nile, now silted up, near the angle where that branch diverges from the main stream. 

Athribis (Upper Egypt)

also known to the ancient Greeks as Triphieion or Tripheion, and to the ancient Egyptians as Hut-Repyt, was an ancient city of Egypt, in the Panopolite nome. The modern village of Wannina in the Sohag Governorate is situated here. It is located some 10 km southwest of the city of Akhmim, on the west bank of the Nile.

Overview The city is the site of a temple built for the goddess Repyt (Triphis) by Ptolemy XV Caesarion and subsequent Roman Emperors. South of this temple was an earlier temple of Ptolemy IX Soter II. One of the tombs nearby, belonging to the brothers Ibpemeny "the younger" and Pemehyt of the late 2nd century BC, has two zodiacs on its ceiling.

The Athribite name:
The Athribite name and its capital derived their name from the goddess Thriphis, whom inscriptions both at Athribis and Panopolis denominate the most great goddess. 

Thriphis is associated in worship with Amun Khem, one of the first quaternion of deities in Egyptian mythology, but no representation of her has been at present identified. John Gardner Wilkinson supposes Athribis to have been one of the lion-headed goddesses, whose special names have not been ascertained.

About half a mile from Athribis are the quarries from which the stone used in building the temple was brought; and below the quarries are some small grotto tombs, the lintels of whose doors are partially preserved. 

Upon one of these lintels is a Greek inscription, ideentifying it as the sepulchre of Hermeius, son of Archibius. He had not, however, been interred after the Egyptian fashion, since his tomb contained the deposit of calcined bones. 

Vestiges also are found in two broad paved causeways of the two main streets of Athribis, which crossed each other at right angles, and probably divided the town into four main quarters. The causeways and the ruins generally indicate that the town was greatly enlarged and beautified under the Ptolemies.

Thanks

Manal Raafat

MR

Boredom And How to Overcome It ?

Sometimes I am getting that bad feeling of being bored, and I do not know what to do for getting rid of it.

What is  Boredom?

Boredom is an emotional state experienced when an individual is not interested in their surroundings or available activities.
The French term for boredom, ennui, is sometimes used in English as well.

Simply ,Boredom is the state of being bored.

Are you bored with your work, your relationship, or your life in general? 

Boredom is a complex process. There are lots of reasons that one might be bored. The most common one is that you have no idea what to do. Other reasons might be that you feel lazy, tired or just don't want to do the things that are available for you to do. Maybe you have ideas of things but you feel you can't do the things you want to do. Boredom becomes a great concern when it results in procrastination, indecision and feeling listless and jaded. Here are some ideas on how to overcome boredom.

Steps to overcome Boredom 

1 - Try to figure out why you are bored:

• Are you doing something that you have done many times before? Try adding something new or doing it a different way. If that just doesn't cut it, stop doing the same thing over and over again. 
• Are you feeling lazy, tired, or unmotivated? A nap can rejuvenate you and it can be surprising how much more motivated you can feel after a quick snooze. Alternatively, breathing in the fresh air outside for just ten minutes can freshen up your mindset, and the space and (maybe) sunshine can do wonders for your mood.
• Are you bored because you feel you can't do the things you want to do? This can be a very irritating situation to be in. Try to think of alternative ways to do what you want to do, working with what you have available. Don't be a perfectionist, you'll always end up frustrated and therefore bored if you don't attain your impossible goals. Reward yourself somehow when you accomplish something/anything that gives you the thrill of enjoying life. Another thing to do is do an hour of work, then twenty minutes of relaxing. This way you spend most time on the job, but shouldn't get too bored. You can always scale this timing down (the ratio is 3:1).
• Are you bored because you can't think of anything to do? Do something physically or socially active. Doing some exercise can get you into a better frame of mind, as well as the added bonus of keeping you in shape. Social activity (e.g. talking to someone) fulfils one of our basic human needs. Face-to-face contact is, if possible, much better than talking over the phone or Facebook. 

2 - Try to do something totally new and learn from it. 

New situations and actions will activate your brain, allowing it to exercise its learning powers.3 - Try to be active with an interesting group of people. 

These can be your regular friends, or perhaps you could join a new group of people interested in similar things to you. There are many clubs in local communities, or online. Join one, and participate in it regularly.

4 - Break out of your routine. 

While it is important to have structure in your life, occasionally doing something radically different, or at an unusual time, can be invigorating. 

5 - Change your thoughts. 

Your thoughts affect your behavior and mood. By changing your mind about the meaning of your emotion and experiences, you will generate a different attitude. Get inspired with powerful long-range goals. Powerful goals keep you inspired. You can't feel bored at the same time when you are motivated to build a life. Think about one thing you love every day, and when your down have a self pep talk prepared, about why YOU are amazing.

6 - Fire up your imagination. 

Create mental images to stimulate your thoughts. Visualize where you want to be and what you want to become. Use your imagination to experience a situation that you want to happen in your life. The wonderful thing about imagination is that you can create anything you wish to experience. Looking out of a window, taking a walk in a park, or going to a museum are all easy ways to get inspired.

7 - Be active! 

Go for a walk or do something physically outrageous. Write down 10 things you can do and 10 you can't yet. Work through them whenever you're bored. You could also try that sport you've always wanted to do, but never have.

My grandson 

8 - Create curiosity. 

Create your curiosity on what's happening around and inside you. You find life boring because of the repetition or a pattern of some habits or activities. 

Try to look at and do them differently and get yourself fascinated with other options and possibilities. 

Watch the news more often, read more books too. It's truly eye opening! 

9 - Find, read, hear, watch or do something exciting, stimulating and entertaining. 

You will probably be more fulfilled if you learn something: mindless media can be absorbing but ultimately not at all stimulating.

10 - Find a new hobby, such as hiking, knitting, drawing, playing an instrument, Board games, Cards, Cycling, cooking or photography. 

If you are particularly good at one skill, you could teach others to do it, and be helping others as well as avoiding boredom.

11 - Avoid boring people and situations. 

Get away from people and situations that bore you. You can't just walk out of a relationship but you can give yourself some space to do things that interest and motivate you.

12- Start a life list and accomplish a new thing every day, or week.
13 - Try some of these ideas:

• Work for money. Ask for jobs to do around the house for money or even start a business like mowing people's lawns or pet sitting. Pretty soon all that money will add up and you can buy something new that will keep you entertained.
• Practice sports by yourself or with friends. You won't be bored anymore and you'll be able to show off your skills next game and feel proud of what you accomplished.
• Walk to the mall and pay attention to the people there; what could they be thinking about? Who could they be talking to? What kind of people are they?
• Bake something. Then you get to eat it afterwards!
• Catch up on any homework or that you might still have to do. While this can seem like the last thing you want to do, it could be just the thing to get your brain whirring.
• Think of places you would like to visit, and why. Then, if possible, visit them and see if they live up to your expectations!

14 - Try to do something on your computer if you have one, or watch some TV. 

It takes your boredom away and you will be thinking about different things other than being bored.
15 - Learn a foreign language with a group of fellow students. 

The phases you'll go through, the group study,learning and interacting, your work on your own, your readings, the media and the multitude of aspects of this lifelong hobby will spur you to go on enjoying every facet of it.


TIPS

• Remember, boredom is only a mindset, keep your mind occupied with something to do. 
• Try one of these activities: Help Others, it is one of the activities which gives you inner peace. 
• Be spiritual, do some spiritual activity (Avoid getting carried away) 
• Fry an egg on the sidewalk. 
• Make a lemonade stand. 
• Watch clouds. 
• Surf your TV to a channel you've never been to before, then wait for commercials to come on and try and guess what they are selling before they tell you. 
• Go to a store and browse, you never know, you might need groceries or new pants or something. But don't get carried away, spending money isn't really a hobby. 
• Many people eat to overcome boredom, but you don't want to get carried away. Try using this as a chance to eat healthy foods, such as fruits or vegetables. 

copied

Thanks

Manal Raafat

Imhotep the symbol of the Egyptian doctors

Imhotep was an ancient Egyptian official.
He was called Imuthes by the Greeks, 27th century BC (circa 2650–2600 BC).

The meaning of the name:

"the one who comes in peace, is with peace". 

He was an Egyptian polymath, who served under the Third Dynasty king Djoser as chancellor to the pharaoh and high priest of the sun god Ra (or Re) at Heliopolis. 

Statue of Imhotep  in Louver

Did you visit? IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR YOU.

The Blue Hole of Dahab Egypt on the Red Sea is a popular diving location on east Sinai, a few kilometres north of Dahab, Egypt on the coast of the Red Sea. 

"Blue Holes"are also called vertical caves[ A pit cave, or vertical cave — or often simply called a pit]. There are many different blue holes located around the world, typically in low-lying coastal regions.

The blue hole in Dahab-Egypt 

My First Photoshop Book for Beginners . Download It Now for Free.

15 Simple Photoshop Applications for Beginners by Manal Raafat.
That is my first Photoshop book for beginners . Download It Now for Free.

The book consists of 59 pages.I had chosen it from the blog.

15 Simple Photoshop Applications for Beginners by Manal Raafat. 

 

Contents

1.The First Application: Golden Title and How to Design It with Photoshop...............................………….………...….3

2.The Second Application: Floral Mask Happy New Year Card [and How to use mask in Photoshop] …………….…5

Les Invalides, The final resting place of Napoleon Bonaparte. Paris as seen with my own eyes (6)

During my visit to Paris I had visited Les Invalides.

My picture in front of  Les Invalides in Paris    

Les Invalides contains some real historical treasures for Napoleonic enthusiasts, including all aspects of Napoleon Bonaparte's life.

Housed within the complex are the Musée de l'Armée and Musée des Plans-Reliefs, Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération and L'Eglise de St Louis.

Napoleon Bonaparte [1]

Napoleon Bonaparte or Napoleon I One of the most brilliant individuals in history, Napoleon Bonaparte was a masterful soldier, an unequalled grand tactician and a superb administrator. He was also utterly ruthless, a dictator and, later in his career, thought he could do no wrong.

Napoleon Bonaparte, aged 23

 

Origins and BirthHe was not a Frenchman by birth, Napoleon Bonaparte was born at Ajaccio on Corsica - only just sold to