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Monday, April 11, 2011

Egyptian hieroglyphs

Egyptian hieroglyphs were a formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians[ Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt.] that contained a combination of logographic[ A logogram, or logograph, is a grapheme which represents a word , known also as "ideograms" which represent ideas directly rather than words ] and alphabetic elements. 
Egyptians used cursive hieroglyphs for religious literature on papyrus and wood [ such as the Book of the Dead.]. Less formal variations of the script, called hieratic and demotic, are technically not hieroglyphs. 


Egyptian hieroglyphs  was a hard language .I had tried to collect some symbols in one artwork designed with photo-shop to show you some letters .


    
History of Egyptian hieroglyphs 
Hieroglyphs emerged from the preliterate artistic traditions of Egypt.For many years the earliest known hieroglyphic inscription was the Narmer Palette, but on 1998 they discover at Abydos the first full sentence written in hieroglyphs so far .No definitive determination has been made as to the origin of hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt. 


Hieroglyphs consist of three kinds of glyphs: phonetic glyphs, including single-consonant characters that function like an alphabet; logographs, representing morphemes; and determinatives, which narrow down the meaning of logographic or phonetic words.
As writing developed and became more widespread among the Egyptian people, simplified glyph forms developed,resulting in the hieratic (priestly) and demotic (popular) scripts.

Hieroglyphs continued to be used under Persian rule , and after Alexander the Great's conquest of Egypt, during the ensuing Macedonian and Roman periods .Some believe that hieroglyphs may have functioned as a way to distinguish 'true Egyptians' from some of the foreign conquerors.By the 4th century, few Egyptians were capable of reading hieroglyphs, and the myth of allegorical hieroglyphs was ascendant.


Writing system 
Visually hieroglyphs are all more or less figurative: they represent real or illusional elements.However, the same sign can, according to context, be interpreted in diverse ways: as a phonogram (phonetic reading), as a logogram, or as an ideogram (semagram; "determinative") (semantic reading). 


Doubling The doubling of a sign indicates its dual; the tripling of a sign indicates its plural.


Grammatical signs The vertical stroke, indicating the sign is an ideogram;
The two strokes of the "dual" and the three strokes of the "plural";
The direct notation of flexional endings.



There are more items to write about Egyptian hieroglyphs , but it will be so long ,so I tried to simplify it . I hope it was useful 


HOW TO DESIGN ? [ The new item today is the use of the Line Tool]

Open new document and add new layer for every picture you will add .




  •  Place the picture [ File - Place] .
  • With the Type Tool add the words you like . 
  • The new item is using the Line Tool to make the central devision  .Adjust the weight of the line to 5 pixels .Use the shift key to draw vertical straight line and select the style you like.
  • Save your work.   
Thanks 
MR

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