Antioxidant

I had the the feeling that some people do not know, what is Antioxidants ? and that it is so important in our life.
So I selected that article .I hope it will be nice ,and useful .

First of all what is Oxidation ? 
Oxidation is one of these things

1.  Gaining of Oxygen .
2. Losing of Hydrogen .
3. Losing of Electrons .

An antioxidant is a molecule capable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules.
Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions. When the chain reaction occurs in a cell, it can cause damage or death of the cell because of the end result of the reaction.
 Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions. They do this by being oxidized themselves, so antioxidants are often reducing agents such as thiols, ascorbic acid ( the precursor of vitamin C) or polyphenols.
Although oxidation reactions are crucial , and important for life, they can also be damaging ;  hence, plants and animals maintain complex systems of multiple types of antioxidants, such as vitamin C, and vitamin E as well as enzymes . Low levels of antioxidants  cause oxidative stress and may damage or kill cells .
As oxidative stress appears to be an important part of many human diseases .
Antioxidants are widely used as ingredients in dietary supplements and have been investigated for the prevention of diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease and even altitude sickness.
Although initial studies suggested that antioxidant supplements might promote health, later large clinical trials did not detect any benefit and suggested instead that excess supplementation is harmful.


Types Antioxidants 
Antioxidants are classified into two broad divisions, depending on whether they are soluble in water (hydrophilic) or in lipids (hydrophobic).

• Vitamin C or Ascorbic acid

It is a monosaccharide oxidation-reduction catalyst found in both animals and plants . Ascorbic acid is required for the conversion of the procollagen to collagen , so it is important for the skin .humans must obtain it from the diet ,it is produced in the human body and is acquired in the diet .
Found in,   Fresh Fruits and vegetables .

• Vitamin E. 

Like Vit C   it is produced in the human body and is acquired in the diet .

Found in ,Vegetable oils

• Uric acid. 

• Melatonin .

• Carotenoids ,carotenes .

Found in , Fruit, vegetables and eggs

• Melatonin .

is a powerful antioxidant  .

Bent Pyramid or Sneferu 's Pyramid... HOW TO INCREASE THE IMAGE SIZE WITH PHOTOSHOP

Built by Pharaoh Sneferu in  Dahshur .[ The father of Khufu]


That pyramid is unique amongst the approximately ninety pyramids to be found in Egypt .
The Bent Pyramid is an ancient Egyptian pyramid located at the royal necropolis of Dahshur, approximately 40 kilometres south of Cairo, built under the Old Kingdom Pharaoh Sneferu (c. 2600 BC). A unique example of early pyramid development in Egypt, this was the second pyramid built by Sneferu.
The lower part of the pyramid rises from the desert at a 55-degree inclination, but the top section is built at the shallower angle of 43 degrees, lending the pyramid its very obvious "bent" appearance.
Archaeologists now believe that the Bent Pyramid represents a transitional form between step-sided and smooth-sided pyramids.

Bent Pyramid  or Sneferu 's Pyramid.

The Bent Pyramid was probably the first planned from the outset to be a true pyramid, with smooth sides.
The Bent Pyramid has a small satellite pyramid which was the final resting place of Sneferu's queen; interestingly there is a connecting tunnel which runs twenty-five metres between the two pyramids, which was built so that Sneferu could visit his queen in the after life.


Interior passages
The Bent Pyramid has two entrances,one fairly low down on the north side. The second entrance is high on the west face of the pyramid. Each entrance leads to a chamber with a high, corbelled roof; the northern entrance leads to a chamber that is below ground level, the western to a chamber built in the body of the pyramid itself.

The entrance of the Bent Pyramid  .


The new item today is HOW TO INCREASE THE IMAGE SIZE?
The manipulation of the picture of the pyramid .

Eye , Eye color,and How To Draw Eyes ?

Eyes are organs that detect light, and convert it to electro-chemical impulses in neurons.In higher organisms the eye is a complex optical system which collects light from the surrounding environment; regulates its intensity through a diaphragm; focuses it through an adjustable assembly of lenses to form an image; converts this image into a set of electrical signals; and transmits these signals to the brain, through complex neural pathways that connect the eye, via the optic nerve, to the visual cortex and other areas of the brain.The simplest "eyes", such as those in microorganisms, do nothing but detect whether the surroundings are light or dark, which is sufficient for the entrainment of circadian rhythms.
From more complex eyes, retinal photosensitive ganglion cells send signals along the retinohypothalamic tract to the suprachiasmatic nuclei to effect circadian adjustment.

Types of eye
There are ten different eye layouts .Eye types can be categorized into "simple eyes", with one concave photoreceptive surface, and "compound eyes", which comprise a number of individual lenses laid out on a convex surface. Note that "simple" does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity.
It will be so long and complicated to write the types .

Eye color 
Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic character and is determined by the amount and type of pigments in the eye's iris.Humans and other animals have many phenotypic variations in eye color, as blue, brown, gray, green, and others.
The genetics of eye color are complicated, and color is determined by multiple genes. 
Three main elements within the iris contribute to its color: the melanin content of the iris pigment epithelium, the melanin content within the iris stroma, and the cellular density of the iris stroma.In eyes of all colors, the iris pigment epithelium contains the black pigment, eumelanin.
Eye colors can range from the most common color, brown, to the least common, green.Eye colors range from the darkest shades of brown to the lightest tints of blue .

Changes in eye color 
In all populations, children are most commonly born with unpigmented eyes.
Changes (lightening or darkening) of eye colors during puberty, early childhood, pregnancy, and sometimes after serious trauma (like heterochromia) do represent cause for plausible argument to state that some eyes can or do change, based on chemical reactions and hormonal changes within the body.

Now our design today is the eye.
That is a combination of photoshop and illustrator design .Mainly using the Transform and Free Transform Tools
FOR HOW TO DESIGN PLEASE read more .

For The Video How To Draw Eyes? please visit My Videos .

Ancient Egyptian symbols and Definitions, with Photoshop lesson

My design Cartouche : with my name inside on a Papyrus

  Manal 

Sign for Life :
   Ankh ,'The Key of Life' : 

   Ankh ,'The Key of Life' 

 Symbol of eternal life. The gods are often seen holding an ankh to someone's lips this is considered to be an offering of "The Breath of Life". The breath you will need in the afterlife.It is believed to unlock the mysteries of heaven and earth. Its design appears to combine the symbolic cross of Osiris and the oval of Isis. It is often shown being carried by the gods and pharaoh.

Symbol of the west bank of the Nile

Amenta 

Amenta 

This symbol represents the Underworld or Land of the Dead. Originally it meant the horizon of the sun set. Later, it became the symbol of the west bank of the Nile, where the sun set and also where the Egyptians traditionally buried their dead.




Sign for Encircling Protection :
   Cartouche :

Cartouche 

In the form of a knotted rope it was used to enclose the royal name of the pharaoh. The cartouche is the elongated form of the shen symbol. 

Symbol of Protection :

   Shen :

Shen 

A loop of rope that has no beginning and no end, it symbolized eternity. The sun disk is often depicted in the center of it.The word shen comes from the word "shenu" which means "encircle," and in its elongated form became the cartouche which surrounded the king's name.




symbol of spontaneous creation :

   Scarab :

Scarab 

Called the dung beetle because of its practice of rolling a ball of dung across the ground. The Egyptians observed this behavior and equated it with the ball of the sun being rolled across the sky. They confused this balled food source with the egg sack that the female dung beetle laid and buried in the sand. When the eggs hatched the dung beetles would seem to appear from nowhere, making it a symbol of spontaneous creation. In this role it was associated with the sunrise.




Symbol of Union upper and lower Egypt :
   Pshent :

Pshent 

The Double Crown, the red crown and the white crown put together to represent a unified Egypt. Although Egypt was not always a unified nation it was stronger that way.Therefore unification was desirable. Narmer (Menes), the founder of the First Dynasty around 3100 B.C., was the first man recorded wearing this crown.

Deshret  

      -Deshret  The Red Crown. This was the crown that represented Lower Egypt (northern).
   

Hedjet

       -Hedjet    The White Crown. This was the crown of Upper Egypt (southern).

Sema 

Symbol represents the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.
   Sema : 
the lungs attached to the windpipe. 

Sema bound with two plants

In these renderings we see the Sema bound with two plants, the papyrus and the lotus. The papyrus represents Lower Egypt and the lotus represents Upper Egypt. 








Symbol of  Healing :

  Eye of Horus (Wedjat, Udjat) :

 Eye of Horus (Wedjat, Udjat)

During his confrontations with the god Seth, Horus is said to have lost his left eye, which represented the moon. However his wife, the goddess Hathor, restored it. That is why the wedjat symbolises healing.

Sign for Rebirth 
   Lotus : You can read more about lotus flowers here




Symbol of Ascension :

   Pyramid : 

Pyramid

It is believed the pyramid was a representation of the world's axis, with the body of the structure symbolising man's ascent to the heavenly skies - in particular, Pharaoh's ascension to Heaven and the Afterlife. It has also been proposed that the pyramid may have symoblised the sloping rays of the sun as a source of eternal strength and energy.  

Symbol of stability and strength :
   Djed  : 

 Djed

It is believed that the Djed is a rendering of a human backbone. 




Symbol of truth, justice, morality and balance :

   Feather of Maat :

 Feather of Maat 

 It was pharaoh's job to uphold Maat. When a pharaoh died, Maat was lost and the world was flung into chaos, only the coronation of a new pharaoh could restore Maat. 

Fetish of Osiris

Symbol of Osiris and Anubis :
   Fetish of Osiris :
An animal skin hanging from a stick .







Symbol of gold :
   Nebu : 
 gold was considered a divine metal, it was thought to be the flesh of the gods. Its polished surface was related to the brilliance of the sun. Gold was important to the afterlife as it represents aspects of immortality. By the New Kingdom, the royal burial chamber was called the "House of Gold."




symbol of authority :

 Sekhem

   Sekhem :






 There are many other symbols ,but it will be so long post.


HOW TO DESIGN THE ART WORK ?

Coloring Old Black and White Photos[ Layla Mourad The old Egyptian singer ]

Layla Mourad 

Here is a picture of an old famous Egyptian singer and actress. Her name was Layla Mourad .

Leila Mourad was born in Al Daher, Cairo on February 17, 1918 to an Egyptian of Moroccan Jewish descent father, Zaki Mourad, a respected singer and musician in the twenties, and to a Jewish mother whose family is from Poland, Gamilah "Salmon" who gave birth to Layla, Isak, Ibrahim, Malak, Mounir[ Moureac.then change his name to Moumir ] and Samihah. Her brother Mounir Mourad was an actor and composer.

Egyptian Jewish composer Dawood Hussnei, who composed the first Operetta in the Arabic language, helped her start her career .

Further success came when the prominent Egyptian composer Mohammed Abdel Wahab heard her singing and gave her a role in his film Yahia el Hob (Viva Love!) in 1938. 

In 1953, she was selected, over Umm Kulthum, as the official singer of the Egyptian revolution.

Her Marriages

Leila Mourad married Anwar Wagdi (1947–1954), a Muslim, over the objection of her father, the Jewish singer Zaki Murad. They were married and divorced three times. Leila gives the reason for her divorces as the fact that she was not fully aware of the seriousness of Wagdi's disease and hence his irritability. Later she married Waguih Abaza, and then film director Fatin Abdul Wahab and she gave birth to their son Zaki Fatin Abdul Wahab, and finally divorced in 1969.

Leila Murad died in a hospital in Cairo in 1995.

Here is the Photoshop manipulated photo .

I was fond of her so I colored her photo snd I tried to give her the old make up look and colors.

HOW TO COLOR THE PICTURE?

The used tools in the photo is   Quick Selection Tool , Burn Tool , the Brush Tool .

Good Morning World

What is strength?!!

Strength is to love the other in silence
To forgive others while they don't deserve
To keep your serenity in the moments of despair
To look for the other happiness despite the fact that your heart is broken
To keep silence at the time you want to scream from the intensity of distress
To sympathy for the other although you are the one who need consolation
Strength is faith....

copied

Red Pyramid of Snefru at Dahshur

That is the red pyramid and the passage  to the inside rooms.




The Red Pyramid, also called the North Pyramid .It is the largest of the three major pyramids located at the Dahshur necropolis.Built by Khufu's father, Snefru .


The name 
 Named for the rusty reddish hue of its stones, it is also the third largest Egyptian pyramid, after those of Khufu and Khafra at Giza. At the time of its completion, it was the tallest man-made structure in the world. It is also believed to be the world's first successful attempt at constructing a "true" smooth-sided pyramid. Local residents refer to the Red Pyramid as el-haram el-watwat, meaning the Bat Pyramid.
The Red Pyramid was not always red. It used to be cased with white Tura limestone, but only a few of these now remain at the pyramid's base on the corner. During the Middle Ages much of the white Tura limestone was taken for buildings in Cairo, revealing the reddish limestone.


Its History 
It was the third pyramid built by Old Kingdom Pharaoh Sneferu, and is located approximately one kilometer to the north of the Bent Pyramid. It is built at the same shallow 43 degree angle as the upper section of the Bent Pyramid, which gives it a noticeably squat appearance compared to other Egyptian pyramids of comparable scale. Construction began during the thirtieth year of Sneferu's reign, based on graffiti associated with the pyramid it took ten years and seven months to build.


Pharaoh Sneferu has constructed three pyramids.

• The first was the Meidum pyramid ,that collapsed in antiquity . 
•  The second was the Bent Pyramid — had the angle of its inclination dramatically altered from 54 to 43 degrees part-way through construction. 
• The third was the red pyramid of our topic today .

Some archaeologists believe that the Meidum pyramid was the first attempt at building a smooth-sided pyramid, and that it may have collapsed when construction of the Bent Pyramid was already well underway  and that the pyramid may by then have already begun to show alarming signs of instability itself, as evidenced by the presence of large timber beams supporting its inner chambers. The outcome of this was the change in inclination of the Bent Pyramid, and the commencement of the later Red Pyramid at an inclination known to be less susceptible to instability and therefore less susceptible to catastrophic collapse.

The massive corbel-vaulted ceiling of the main burial chamber 

The red pyramid description 

The Red Pyramid is 104 m high (345 feet).A rare pyramidion, or capstone, for the Red Pyramid has been uncovered and reconstructed, and is now on display at Dahshur. 

A pyramidion is the uppermost piece or capstone of an Egyptian pyramid .They were called it benbenet in the Ancient Egyptian language, it were generally made of diorite, granite, or fine limestone, which were then covered in gold or electrum.

There is a high entrance on the north side , then A passage, 91cm in height and 1.23m wide, slopes down at 27° for 68m to a short horizontal passage leading into a chamber whose corbelled roof is 12.3m high and rises in eleven steps. At the southern end of the chamber ,there is another short horizontal passage leads into the second chamber .The second chamber is similar to the first and lies directly beneath the apex of the pyramid.This gives onto a short horizontal passage that leads to the third and final chamber with a corbelled roof 15m high.

HOW TO MAKE THAT COLLECTION BACKGROUND LIKE STONE ?

Baron Empain palace The palace that do not lose sight of the sun in Egypt.a new video is added

The Baron Empain Palace "Qasr el Baron" as we call it in Egypt.
It is one is a distinctive , historic mansion and very famous places in Heliopolis, a suburb northeast of central Cairo, Egypt.

The palace - morning view.

The palace was designed by French architect Alexandre Marcel and decorated by Georges-Louis Claude. Baron Empain ordered them to build huge Indian-style palace ,as he lived many years in India.He was fond of ancient mythology,so was his decision to search for the oldest historic place ,he chose the cradle of ancient civilizations ,he choose Egypt -Mother of the World -.

 The entrance of the palace


Baron has chosen  this site in the middle of the desert ,Close to Cairo .He began to establish his palace according to classic Belgian-style,in front ,in addition to large areas of magnificent gardens.
After five years the architectural masterpiece came out from beneath the Sahara.It was a wonderful mix of  the European architecture and art of Indian architecture.
 This architectural masterpiece palace is unique  of its kind on the grounds, that it is only palace in the world ,which escapes him in the sun all day .It is a lavish palace ,it has a tower going on a mobile base , revolves full circle every hour ,to allow the tags to see what sitting around in all directions .

The room of the wife

Description of the Palace  
The palace lies on an area of ​​125 thousand m .The outer  palace balcony's mounted on Statues of Indian elephants Ivory spreads inside and outside the palace .Windows up and down with Indian,and Buddhism statues , Inside the palace like a museum featuring antiques and statues of gold and platinum .
Inside the palace there is an old archaeological clock Unparalleled found only in Buckingham Palace.
The mansion consists of two floors and basement [ Crypt] and a large tower .The palace was designed in a way makes the sun never sets on its rooms forever .
It will be very long to describe that palace so I will describe the Mystery of Palace [ The Cursed Palace]

The palace at night 

 The Mystery of Palace [ The Cursed Palace]
The Bewitched Room The pink room with red mirrors : 
The room of Baron Empain ' wife  the pink room in the Basement of The palace,it is the entrance to the crypt to  the Basilica Church . He did not permit any body to enter it even his daughter or sister. The umors said that after the death of  Baron Empain  [ all his family died before him],the mirrors converted to blood on the walls,because the spirit of the Baroness, "Whelan" and his daughter "Miriam"got rested after the death of the harsh Baron.


the Baroness, "Whelan" the sister of Baron Empain :
One of  reasons that led to the  increase of the Mystery of the palace was her death fell down from the balcony of her room ,while her brother was revolving  in his tower and he Baron could not help her .At that moment the base stopped turning .That was the first spark of the stories of the ghosts . The rumors are telling that the Spirit of the Baroness, "Helena" Schtt of the delay of Baron to save her and that was the cause of the breakdown of the Revolving tower [ its rotation stopped from that time until the death of Baron Empain in 1928] .
Some rumors tell that the people are hearing voices of quarrel between the Baron and his sister and some times soft talking of the father and daughter
Stories are telling that Baron Empain Has succeeded after the death of his sister in the preparation of her soul to apologize for lack of initiative quickly to save her . He feels that the spirit of his sister did not accept his apologizing,so he entered a period of terrible depression finally led to his death and the daughter also.


"Miriam" the daughter of Baron EmpainShe was hit with poliomyelitis shortly after her birth .Because of the bad treatment of her father she was sitting in some rooms in the crypt alone and feel happiness and she was telling that she was with a nice friend .That was the start of  Satanism [ Devil worship] .
After some time Miriam was found dumped on her face and dead ,nobody knows the reason


Baron Empain The Founder of Heliopolis 
He was a wealthy Belgian engineer,Entrepreneur ,financier, industrialist,as well as an amateur Egyptologist.
Édouard Empain arrived in Egypt in January 1904, intending to rescue one of the projects of his company .
King of France granted the title of a baron in recognition of his efforts in the establishment of the Paris Metro.
He died in Belgium ,and was buried in Egypt in the bottom of the Basilica Church which was linked by palace with underground tunnel
Of his projects outside Egypt : he created Bank of Brussels in Belgium.


This past is so long so I will add some picture for the palace only.


Thanks
MR

Birds

Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal [  moves by means of its two rear limbs, or legs], endothermic (warm-blooded), egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Birds range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) Bee Hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) Ostrich.
Birds are characterised by feathers, a beak with no teeth, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton.Many species undertake long distance annual migrations, and many more perform shorter irregular movements. Birds are social; they communicate using visual signals and through calls and songs, and participate in social behaviours, including cooperative breeding and hunting, flocking, and mobbing of predators.

Eggs are usually laid in a nest and incubated by the parents. Most birds have an extended period of parental care after hatching.
That was a simple note about birds ,and that is the original picture.that we will manipulate to chage it.

That is a special veiw of the see water .

Here the manipulated photo .I had combined the two photos in one as if the bird is climbing the water .
You can notice also the direction of the bird also changed from right to left.


That is our lessons for today.

1. Reflecting or changing the direction of the photo.
2. Combining two images using the layer mask.

 HOW TO DO IT ?

Coffee [And How To Design Smoke With Photoshop]

Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted seeds, called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. Coffee beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees in over 70 countries, cultivated primarily in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. 'Green Unroasted' coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world.

Coffee can have a stimulating effect on humans due to its caffeine content. It is one of the most-consumed beverages in the world.

the original picture

the Photoshop picture

Its Effect On Health.
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions.  The differences between beneficial/harmful effects of coffee consumption depends on the differences in methods of preparation ,age ,and coffee consumption [time and frequency of intake].Moderate amounts of coffee are well tolerated by most elderly people. Excessive amounts of coffee, however, can, in many individuals, cause very unpleasant, life-threatening adverse effects.

Some   beneficial effects of coffee
Coffee consumption has been shown to have minimal or no impact, positive or negative, on cancer development .Some studies suggest coffee consumption reduces the risk of being affected by Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, cirrhosis of the liver, and gout.
Coffee is no longer thought to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease. One study suggests that it may have a mixed effect on short-term memory.
Caffeine has been associated with its ability to act as an antidepressant.
The stimulant effect of coffee is due to its caffeine content. The caffeine content of a cup of coffee varies depending mainly on the brewing method, and also on the variety of bean.The smell of coffee also can restore appetite

 Some unpleasent effects of coffee
Coffee's negative health effects are often blamed on its caffeine content.
Coffee consumption can lead to iron deficiency anemia in mothers and infants [ Coffee interferes with the absorption of supplemental iron.].

HOW TO CHANGE THAT PICTURE ?