Tourism in Egypt

Tourism is one of the most important sectors in Egypt's economy. Million of  tourists are visiting Egypt yearly.Egypt has been an important destination for people in the Middle East, Africa and Europe from ancient times. The Beginning was in the early 19th century with Napoleon's invasion of Egypt .

This picture shows hieroglyphs board at the back and some nice places to visit in Egypt 

Egypt enjoys a deep-rooted civilization which began when the ancient Egyptians established on the bank of the River Nile the first central state. Throughout centuries, the Egyptians interacted with other civilizations and peoples.

Egypt today transfer from tradition to modernity, Egypt is a country which has succeeded in creating a present that is as fascinating as its past .

 Egypt has been always a country of tourism where Europeans used to ‎visit and see its antiquities dating back to the various eras and ‎civilizations. In the recreational tourism domain, there are scores of ‎unique tourist destinations such as Sharm -el-Sheikh, Hurghada, Safaga ‎and others. Moreover, Egypt is renowned for therapeutical and ‎environmental tourism as well as other kinds such as Safari, conferences ‎and sports.‎

 Egypt [ The Arab Republic of Egypt] occupies a very important and nice location in the north-eastern corner of Africa and south-western Asia ,so  Egypt enjoys a distinguished geographical location at the juncture of the ancient world continents of Africa, Asia and Europe. It has always been a place of inter-civilization reactivation between the East and the West as well as the North and the South. Egypt was also the crossing road of the heavenly religions of the world. 
Cairo is the glorious capital of Egypt .

The Egyptian society is one of the oldest of mankind societies. Egyptians discovered agriculture five thousand years ago. With this discovery they came up with the necessity of discipline in a cooperative society. 

The Language  :Arabic is the official language spoken by all Egyptians. When Arabic is spoken in the streets, it's like a dialect and differs a great deal from classical Arabic.

The Religion : Though the majority of Egyptians are Muslims, there are over 12 million Egyptian Christians .The over all population of the Egyptians almost 85 millions.

  
What to visit in Egypt? 
Ask yourself what you like more in the life? NILE VALLEY, SEASIDE ,DESERT AND OASIS,or ANCIENT HISTORY ,MUSEUMS ,OPERA,AND NIGHT CLUBS.
You can find many things to visit one visit will not be enough .

Major attractions 
The celebrated tourist attractions of Egypt are the millennia-old monuments for which the Nile Valley is world famous. Principal among them are 

•  Giza : to visit the Great Sphinx, the Great Pyramid of Giza, and a number of other large pyramids and temples.
• Saqqara : to visit ancient burial ground which served as the necropolis for the Ancient Egyptian capital of Memphis. It features numerous pyramids, including the world's oldest standing step pyramid, as well as a number of mastabas.
• Luxor : is the site of the ancient city of Thebes and has sometimes been called "the world's greatest open air museum". It includes the ruins of the temple complexes at Karnak and Luxor, which stand within the modern city. On the opposite side of the Nile River lie the monuments, temples and tombs on the West Bank Necropolis, which include the Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens.
• Abu Simbel : is an archaeological site comprising two massive rock temples originally carved out of a mountainside during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II  .
• Alexandria : is a main summer resort, due to its beaches, ancient history and Museums. 
• Sinai Peninsula : Sinai has become a tourist destination due to its natural setting, rich coral reefs, and biblical history. Most popular tourist destination in Sinai are Mount Sinai (Jabal Musa) and St. Catherine's Monastery, which is considered to be the oldest working christian monastery in the world, and the beach resorts of Sharm el-Sheikh, Dahab, Nuweiba and Taba. 
• El-Sokhna :  has a number of beach resorts as Stella , Hijaz , Porto El-Sokhna .

 HOW TO DESIGN THE PICTURE OF ANCIENT EGYPT ?

Bubbles... With An Artwork Designed With Illustrator .

Bubble or Bubbles may refer to:

Bubbles with Illustrator

Bubbles can be

Physical bubbles
1- Liquid bubble:
A bubble is a globule of one substance in another, usually gas in a liquid. Due to the Marangoni effect[ is the mass transfer along an interface between two fluids due to surface tension gradient], bubbles may remain intact when they reach the surface of the immersive substance. 

Some Examples : 

• As water vapor in boiling water.
• As air mixed into agitated water, such as below a waterfall.
•  As sea foam.

 Its Appearance
 Humans can see bubbles because they have a different refractive index (IR) than the surrounding substance.

Eye of Horus...AND DESIGNING IT WITH ILLUSTRATOR .

The Eye of Horus is an ancient Egyptian symbol of protection, royal power and good health.The eye is personified in the goddess Wadjet. The eye of horus is also known as Wedjat or Oudjat.

 Wedjat or Oudjat

 Wadjet or 'the green one' or ' the whole one' and was known to the Greeks and Romans as 'uraeus' from the Egyptian 'iaret' meaning 'risen one' from the image of a cobra rising up in protection.It is a powerful symbol of protection Wadjet was one of the earliest of Egyptian deities who later became associated with other goddesses such as Bast, Mut, and Hathor. She was originally the ancient local goddess of the city of Dep ,which became part of the city that the Egyptians named Per-Wadjet, House of Wadjet, and the Greeks called Buto. She was said to be the patron and protector of Lower Egypt and upon unification with Upper Egypt, the joint protector and patron of all of Egypt with the "goddess" of Upper Egypt. The image of Wadjet with the sun disk is called the uraeus, and it was the emblem on the crown of the rulers of Lower Egypt.she was also the protector of women in childbirth and kings.

Horus
Horus was the ancient Egyptian sky god who was usually depicted as a falcon.His eyes were said to be the sun and the moon.However, he soon became strongly associated with the sun. His right eye was associated with the sun god Ra, while Thoth was associated with the moon. An ancient myth describes a battle between Horus and Set in which Horus' right eye was torn out and Set lost his testicles! Thoth magically restored Horus´ eye, at which point it was given the name"Wadjet" ("whole" or "healthy").The eye symbol represents the marking around a Peregrine Falcon's eye that includes the "teardrop" marking sometimes found below the eye. The mirror image, or left eye, sometimes represented the moon and the god Djehuti (Thoth).  


The eye as hieroglyph and symbol
There are seven different hieroglyphs used to represent the eye, which also has the meaning 'to make or do' or 'one who does.In Egyptian myth the eye was not the passive organ of sight but more an agent of action, protection or wrath.


In arithmetic

In arithmetic 

In the Ancient Egyptian measurement system, the Eye Of Horus defined Old Kingdom number one (1) = 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + 1/32 + 1/64.

The Eye of Horus was believed to have healing and protective power, and it was used as a protective amulet. It was also used as a notation of measurement, particularly for measuring the ingredients in medicines and pigments. The symbol was divided into six parts, representing the shattering of Horus´ eye into six pieces. Each piece was associated with one of the six senses and a specific fraction. 

It is interesting to note that if the pieces are added together the total is 63/64 not 1. Some suggest that the remaining 1/64 represents the magic used by Thoth to restore the eye, while others consider that the missing piece represented the fact that perfection was not possible. 

I had designed the two artworks with illustrator .


HOW TO DESIGN IT WITH ILLUSTRATOR ?

Happy Mother's Day With Card Designing

HAPPY MOTHER'S DAY

Today is the mother's day in Egypt . 
Happy mother's day for all the Egyptian mother's and all the mothers everywhere .


I had designed more cards for that special occasion .I hope you will like it .
I am offering the cards as a gift for all the mothers in Egypt and everywhere .

I hope next year will be more quite and peaceful, full of love and hope, for all the mothers everywhere .
 For all the sons and daughters I am reminding you to go to your mothers and offer them a nice gift with a kind smile from open heart .Remember what your mother did for you.

With my love and hope of better future for all of us.

Happy Mother's Day

HOW TO DESIGN THE CARD?

Designing Mother's Day Card

During the pharaohs time even the queens were taking care of their kids. 
You can see that in their drawings on the walls of the temples . Here we have a picture of Queen Nefertiti carrying ,and pampering her daughter.I found the photo is nice for the mother's day .

I had designed that card for the great occasion of  mother's day .


I had prepared a new video to explain how to design it.
You can watch it under the new page

My Video Tutorials  
 please visit it. 
You will find many videos , I hope you will like it.


Please leave a comment .
Thanks,
MR

Mother's Day... How to design your own card ?

Mothers Day is celebrated in several country across the globe,but it varies .Most countries celebrate Mothers Day on second Sunday in the Month of May.In Egypt they celebrate it on March 21 n many countries the way Mothers Day is celebrated varies and is quite different from the manner in which Mothers Day is celebrated in US. But what is more important than the date and fashion of celebration is the feeling behind the festival. The idea of celebrating Mother's Day the world over is to pay tribute to mothers for all their love and support and to make them feel special.n many countries the way Mothers Day is celebrated varies and is quite different from the manner in which Mothers Day is celebrated in US. But what is more important than the date and fashion of celebration is the feeling behind the festival. The idea of celebrating Mother's Day the world over is to pay tribute to mothers for all their love and support and to make them feel special.

Dates around the world
 The date was changed to fit already existing celebrations in every country .

• African countries

Many African countries adopted the idea of one Mother's Day from the British tradition.

• Arab World 

Mother's Day in most of Arab countries is celebrated on March 21. It was introduced in Egypt by Mostafa Amin in his daily column Fikrah ("idea"). The first celebration was held in Egypt in 1956, and it has since been copied by the other Arab countries.

• Australia
  
  In Australia, Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May. It is not a public holiday
   

• Brazil
  
  In Brazil, Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday of May.
  

• India
  
  Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday of May.
  

•  United Kingdom and Ireland

 In the United Kingdom and Ireland, there was a celebration called Mothering Sunday, which fell on the fourth Sunday of Lent (3 April in 2011), exactly three weeks before Easter Sunday. 

• United States

 The United States celebrates Mother's Day on the second Sunday in May. 

Mother's Day Gifts 

Mother's Day is an occasion to pamper the mothers anywhere .All the people are giving gifts to their mothers in that day to express their love for their mothers ,and to say thanks to Mothers for all  what they are doing for them .Your gift must clearly reflect your inner feelings for your mother ,even simple gift just to show her your love .

It depends upon you and your choice you can choose expensive gifts like jewelry or simple gifts like flowers ,or perfumes .Whatever your gift is, you should put a card with your gift with a some nice words from your heart .

During the pharaohs time even the queens were taking care of their kids you can see that in their drawings on the walls of the temples . Here we have a picture of Queen Nefertiti carrying ,and pampering her daughter.I found the photo is nice for the mother's day .

The original picture 

The picture after manipulation 

Now we have two designs the card and the picture .

Please continue reading to see how to design it.

You will find another card in Art Work

Petra Of Jordan

Petra is considered the most famous and gorgeous site in Jordan located about 262 km south of Amman and 133 km north of Aqaba. It is the legacy of the Nabataeans, an industrious Arab people who settled in southern Jordan more than 2000 years ago. 
It is a vast, unique city, carved into the sheer rock face by the Nabataeans, an industrious Arab people who settled here more than 2000 years ago, turning it into an important junction for the silk, spice and other trade routes that linked China, India and southern Arabia with Egypt, Syria, Greece and Rome. 

Petra meaning rock is a historical city in the Jordanian governorate of Ma'an that is known for its rock cut architecture and water conduits system. Established sometime around the 6th century BC as the capital city of the Nabataeans, it is a symbol of Jordan as well as its most visited tourism attraction. It lies on the slope of Mount Hor in a basin among the mountains which form the eastern flank of Arabah (Wadi Araba), the large valley running from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba.Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985. UNESCO has described it as "one of the most precious cultural properties of man's cultural heritage.Petra is known as the Rose-Red City for the color of the rocks in which Petra is carved .

Petra sights are at their best in early morning and late afternoon, when the sun warms the multicolored stones, you can view the majesty of Petra as it was seen first when discovered in 1812 after being lost by the 16th century for almost 300 years! 

Its History 
Evidence suggests that settlements had begun in and around Petra in the eighteenth dynasty of Egypt (1550-1292 BC). It is listed in Egyptian campaign accounts and the Amarna letters .

You can find there Roman-style theatre, which could seat 3,000 people. There are obelisks, temples, sacrificial altars and colonnaded streets, and high above, overlooking the valley, is the impressive Ad-Deir Monastery – a flight of 800 rock cut steps takes you there.

Within the site there are also two excellent museums; the Petra Archaeological Museum, and the Petra Nabataean Museum both of which represent finds from excavations in the Petra region and an insight into Petra's colourful past.

I copied it for you. 

Thanks
Manal Raafat
MR
 

What Is A Cone? ... HOW TO DESIGN IT WITH PHOTOSHOP?

A cone is a basic geometrical shape.It is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat, usually circular base to a point called the apex or vertex.
The axis of a cone is the straight line, passing through the apex, about which the lateral surface has a rotational symmetry.
The perimeter of the base of a cone is called the directrix, and each of the line segments between the directrix and apex is a generatrix of the lateral surface.The base radius of a circular cone is the radius of its base; often this is simply called the radius of the cone.The aperture of a right circular cone is the maximum angle between two generatrix lines. 

There are different types of cones depending on its base and the axis.

According to the axis: 
Right circular, where right means that the axis passes through the center of the base at right angles to its plane, and circular means that the base is a circle. 
Oblique cones ,in which the axis does not pass perpendicularly through the center of the base.

According to the base :
-Like a pyramid is technically a cone with a polygonal base. 
-Truncated cone or frustum , is a cone with its apex cut off by a plane parallel to its base.
-An elliptical cone is a cone with an elliptical base .

I liked the shape of the cone so I wanted to design it with photo-shop and I got that shape I hope you will like .

How to design a cone with photo-shop without using the 3D Tools?

Solar Eclipse ... WITH PHOTOSHOP LESSON

As seen from the Earth [ Earth (or the Earth) is the third planet from the Sun and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System.], a solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, and the Moon [The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System.]fully or partially covers the Sun as viewed from a location on Earth. This can only happen during a new moon, when the Sun and Moon are in conjunction as seen from Earth. At least two, and up to five, solar eclipses occur each year.

That is the original picture 

That is the photo-shop picture

The last total solar eclipse was the solar eclipse of July 11, 2010; the next will be the solar eclipse of November 13, 2012.


A total solar eclipse is a natural phenomenon. Nevertheless, in ancient times, and in some cultures today, solar eclipses have been attributed to supernatural causes or regarded as bad omens [ An omen is a phenomenon that is believed to foretell the future]. A total solar eclipse can be frightening to people who are unaware of their astronomical explanation, as the Sun seems to disappear during the day and the sky darkens in a matter of minutes. 


Types of Solar eclipse 
There are four types of solar eclipses:

1. A total eclipse ,occurs when the dark shadow of the Moon completely obscures the  bright disk of the Sun,allowing the much fainter solar corona to be visible. [ A corona is a type of plasma "atmosphere" of the Sun , extending millions of kilometers into space .The Greek root of the word corona means crown.]
2. An annular eclipse occurs when the Sun and Moon are exactly in line, but the apparent size of the Moon is smaller than that of the Sun. Hence the Sun appears as a very bright ring, or annulus, surrounding the outline of the Moon. 
3. A hybrid eclipse (also called annular/total eclipse) shifts between a total and annular eclipse. At some points on the surface of the Earth it appears as a total eclipse, whereas at others it appears as annular. Hybrid eclipses are comparatively rare. 
4. A partial eclipse occurs when the Sun and Moon are not exactly in line and the Moon only partially obscures the Sun.

Viewing the Sun during partial and annular eclipses requires special eye protection, or indirect viewing methods, to block the harmful part of the Sun's radiation to protect the eyes from being damaged.

Sunglasses do not make viewing the sun safe. Only properly designed and certified solar filters should be used for direct viewing of the Sun's disk.

The safest way to view the Sun's disk is by indirect projection. This can be done by projecting an image of the disk onto a white piece of paper or card using a pair of binoculars (with one of the lenses covered), a telescope, or another piece of cardboard with a small hole in it (about 1 mm diameter), often called a pinhole camera. 

HOW TO MAKE THAT DESIGN ?

Thutmose III... HOW TO DESIGN AN ELEGANT BACKGROUND ?

Thutmose III that means Thoth is born.
He was the sixth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty.

He was co-regent with his stepmother, Hatshepsut
He became the pharaoh of the kingdom after her death [ Hatshepsut was the fifth pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of Ancient Egypt ,and was named the pharaoh. ] He created the largest empire Egypt had ever seen,he conquered from Niya in north Syria to the fourth waterfall of the Nile in Nubia. Thutmose III ruled Egypt for almost fifty-four years, this includes the twenty-two years he was co-regent to Hatshepsut his stepmother and aunt. During the final two years of his reign, he appointed his son-and successor-Amenhotep II, as his junior co-regent. When Thutmose III died, he was buried in the Valley of the Kings as were the rest of the kings from this period in Egypt.

His Family
Thutmose III was the son of Thutmose II by a secondary wife, Iset [ Iset or Isis she was named after goddess Isis].His father's great royal wife was Queen Hatshepsut. Her daughter Neferure was Thutmose's half-sister. 

When Thutmose II died Thutmose III was too young to rule, so Hatshepsut became his regent, soon his co regent, and shortly thereafter, she declared herself to be the pharaoh while never denying kinship to young Thutmose III.

His wives 

• Satiah: She may have been the mother of his firstborn son, Amenemhat.
• Merytre-Hatshepsut. His successor, the crown prince and future king Amenhotep II, was the son of Merytre-Hatshepsut.
• Nebtu: she is depicted on a pillar in Thutmose III's tomb.
• Menwi, Merti, Menhet three foreign wives.

Monumental construction  

Thutmose III was a great builder pharaoh and constructed over fifty temples,some of these are now lost and only mentioned in written records.

Death and burial  

He died after ruling Egypt for 53 years, 10 months, and 26 days .He was buried in the Valley of the Kings.

Mummy  

Thutmose III's mummy was discovered in the Deir el-Bahri Cache above the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut in 1881.The height of Thutmose III's mummy to be 1.615 m (5 ft. 3.58 in.),and the feet were absent .

That is a very short summery of the life story of that grate king .

I had designed that background and add the photo of the king to it .That background was designed with photo shop using filters only and some other simple tools .

Some uses of filters and how to use for designing the background.

Cairo - Egypt ...HOW TO DO THE 3D TEXT WITH PHOTOSHOP ?

Cairo, and the area around it are considered to be the heart of Egypt.

Cairo is the Egyptian capital.The meaning of the name is" The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror".
It is the capital of Egypt, the largest city in Africa and the 16th most populous metropolitan area in the world[ The first city is Tokyo of Japan ]. 


Cairo is also ranked as one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets"[ Minarets are distinctive architectural features of Islamic mosques- generally tall spires with onion-shaped or conical crowns, usually either free standing or taller than any associated support structure; the basic form includes a base, shaft, and gallery. Styles vary regionally and by period. They provide a visual focal point and are used for the call to prayer ] for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life.  
The city's original name in Arabic is "Al-Qahira", which became "Cairo" after Europeans corrupted the name. Egyptians today often refer to Cairo as Maṣr, the Arabic pronunciation of the name for Egypt itself.
Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab World, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, al-Azhar University[ is an educational institute in Cairo, Egypt. Founded in 970~972 as a madrasa, it is the chief centre of Arabic literature and Sunni Islamic learning in the world. It is the oldest degree-granting university in Egypt after Cairo University. In 1961 non-religious subjects were added to its curriculum.]. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city, and the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence.Cairo is by far the largest city in Egypt.


Its Geography and location
Cairo is located in northern Egypt, known as Lower Egypt, 165 kilometers (100 mi) south of the Mediterranean Sea and 120 kilometers (75 mi) west of the Gulf of Suez and Suez Canal.The city is along the Nile River, immediately south of the point where the river leaves its desert-bound valley and branches into the low-lying Nile Delta region. Although the Cairo metropolis extends away from the Nile in all directions, the city of Cairo resides only on the east bank of the river and two islands within it on a total area of 453 square kilometers .


Famous places in Cairo

• Tahrir Square: The middle picture in the collection  
• The Egyptian Museum
• Khan El-Khalili
• Old Cairo

• Cairo Tower :The Cairo Tower is a free-standing concrete TV tower in Cairo. It stands in the Zamalek district on Gezira Island in the Nile River, in the city centre. At 187 meters, it is 43 meters higher than the Great Pyramid of Giza, which stands some 15 km to the southwest. The upper right picture in the collection. 

• Gates to the Ancient City of Cairo: Cairo was called the citadel or tabia or forte, i.e. stronghold. It looked like a square; 1200m2 in length and 1100m2 in width. It was surrounded with El Bahr El Azeim (the great sea) from the east, the gulf from the west, from the north gardens extended to Mataria and the mount Gabal El Guishi from the south.
  
  When the Fatimid reign (969-1171) settled in Cairo under the leadership of El Moez Li-Dinellah it was called "Cairo of El Moez" because they decorated its four suburbs with luxurious buildings, delightful spots and gardens. This increased its delightfulness and beauty. It was the settlement of rulers and princes.
  
  El Fostat city was big and important due to plenty of buildings, many people and much of livelihood means, that is why Gawhar El Sakaly was so keen on it. He established the fortified gates (bab) and installed them around it in the four-sided wall. He built El Kantara at Bab El Shairia Street. He also built a wall to quickly surround the Palace. But this was destroyed completely.
  
  Purposes of the gates

Those gates did not only defend the country against enemies, but were built also for management and administrative purposes. No one was allowed to enter Cairo or stay there except for its residents, or those who go in for certain reasonsand in daytime only. 

There are many gates like , Bab El Barkia 1st gate ,Bab El Barkia 2nd gate ,El Bab El Gadid, Bab Zuweila,Bab El Wazir,Bab El Nasr, and many other gates[ Bab mean gate in Arabic ]

If I will write every thing about Cairo Egypt It will be very long post you might get tired of reading.

I had collected some pictures in a collection in the upper left side the picture of the Nile River ,the lower left side is Salah El Deen Citadel .The middle picture for Tahrir Square ,the upper right picture for Cairo Tower .The last picture is the lower right picture ,which is the picture of Baron Empain Palace who was the designer of one of the most important places of Cairo.

The new thing in that post is the 3D text in the middle of the picture.

There is another simple text in the next design. 

HOW TO DO THE 3D TEXT?