How To Remove The Red Eye Effect From A Photo With Photoshop?

What is the red-eye effect ?
The red-eye effect in photography is the common appearance of red pupils in color photographs of eyes. It occurs when using a photographic flash very close to the camera lens (as with most compact cameras), in ambient low light. The effect appears in the eyes of humans and animals.

The red-eye effect can also be seen when one human observes another when there is a bright light source nearby.

Red Eye Effect

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Causes 


Because the light of the flash occurs too fast for the pupil to close, much of the very bright light from the flash passes into the eye through the pupil, reflects off the fundus at the back of the eyeball and out through the pupil. The camera records this reflected light, more simply the light of the flash is reflecting from the retina, which is covered with tiny blood vessels.
The more open the pupils are[ If you use a flash in a dark environment ], the more red eye effect you get in your photos. Red eye is more pronounced in people with light eye color. It is also more pronounced in people with blond or light-red hair and in children.



Red eye is caused by a reflection of the camera flash in the subject’s retina. You’ll see it more often when taking pictures in a darkened room because the subject’s iris is wide open. To avoid red eye, use the camera’s red eye reduction feature. Or, better yet, use a separate flash unit that you can mount on the camera farther away from the camera’s lens.

After Photoshop manipulation 

Tips to reduce red eye effect [ before and during taking the picture]

• Use the red-eye reduction capabilities built into many modern cameras.
• Increase the lighting in the room so that the subject's pupils are more constricted.
• Placing the flash away from the camera's optical axis ensures that the light from the flash hits the eye at an oblique angle.
• If possible, avoid taking flash photos in a dark environment. 
• Soften the light.
• Take more than one picture.
•  Use image-editing software, like Photoshop.  

HOW TO REMOVE THE RED EYE EFFECT WITH PHOTOSHOP .

The Red Eye tool removes red eye in flash photos of people or animals.
1- Select the Red Eye tool . (The Red Eye tool is in the same group as the Spot Healing Brush tool . Hold down a tool to display additional tools in the group.)
2 - Click in the red eye. If you are not satisfied with the result, undo the correction, set one or more of the following options in the options bar, and click the red eye again:
Pupil Size

3 - Increases or decreases the area affected by the Red Eye tool( brush size ).
Darken Amount

Sets the darkness of the correction ,in the Option Tool Bar.

Thanks
MR